National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Economic Census) U S Fish Wildlife Service[652]

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation



Wisconsin



FHW/06-WI Issued May 2008



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation



Wisconsin



U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service H. Dale Hall, Director



U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary John J. Sullivan, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration Cynthia A. Glassman, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Steve H. Murdock, Director



Economics and Statistics Administration Cynthia A. Glassman, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs



U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary



U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service H. Dale Hall, Director U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Steve H. Murdock, Director



Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Rowan Gould, Assistant Director



The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities. The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide financial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.



Suggested Citation

U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.



Contents



List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Survey Background and Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii



Highlights

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Wildlife-Associated Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Wildlife Watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1996–2006 Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14



Tables

Guide to Statistical Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing and Hunting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . National Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 17 34 43



Appendixes

A. B. C. D. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 52 58 66



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



iii



List of Tables



Fishing and Hunting

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Fishing and Hunting in Wisconsin by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Wisconsin by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin by Type of Fish: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Wisconsin by Type of Hunting: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wisconsin by Type of Game: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wisconsin by Type of Land: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selected Characteristics of Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin for Fishing and Hunting by Wisconsin Residents and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of Wisconsin Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wisconsin: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33



Wildlife Watching

24. Wildlife Watching in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Wisconsin: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Wisconsin: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35



iv



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Wisconsin: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28. Wisconsin Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30. Selected Characteristics of Wisconsin Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31. Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin for Wildlife Watching by Wisconsin Residents and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wisconsin by Wisconsin Residents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35. Participation of Wisconsin Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36. Participation of Wisconsin Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .



36 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 42 42



National Tables

37. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 44 45 46



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



v



Foreword



I find duck hunting with friends in a bottomland hardwood swamp or fishing with my kids on an Oregon river bolsters my spirit and reminds me why I care about conservation and our wildlife heritage. But wildlife-associated and vital recreation—activities such as hunting, fishing, and birding—also provide significant financial support for wildlife conservation in our Nation’s economy. According to information from the newest National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, 87.5 million Americans spent more than $122 billion in 2006 on wildlife-related recreation. And this spending supports hundreds of thousands of jobs in industries and businesses. The Survey is conducted every five years at the request of State fish and wildlife agencies to measure the importance of wildlife-based recreation to the American people. The 2006 Survey represents the 11th in a series that began in 1955. Developed in collaboration with the States, the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and national conservation organizations, the Survey has become one of the most important sources of information on fish and wildlife-related recreation in the United States.



In the 75-year history of the Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Programs, excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery, and angling equipment have generated a cumulative total of more than $10 billion for wildlife conservation efforts by State and Territorial wildlife agencies for fish and wildlife management. My thanks go to the men and women who took time to participate in the survey, as well as to the State fish and wildlife agencies for their financial support through the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs. Without that support, the 2006 Survey would never have been possible. I am comforted to know that my children and all Americans will have the opportunity to appreciate our Nation’s rich wildlife tradition. Along with a record number of Americans, we continue to enjoy wildlife. We are laying the foundation for conservation’s future.



H. Dale Hall Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service



vi



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Survey Background and Method



The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers; how often they participate; and how much they spend on their activities in the United States. Preparations for the 2006 Survey began in 2004 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) recommended that the Fish and Wildlife Service conduct the 11th Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Acts, as amended. We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the Wildlife Management Institute and American Sportfishing Association to determine survey content. Other sportspersons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice. Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of the AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to



participate in all phases of survey planning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives. Data collection for the Survey was carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau in two phases. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2006. During this phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 85,000 households nationwide to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2005, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2006. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2005 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2006 activities. For more information on 2005 data, refer to Appendix B. The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first began in April 2006 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2006, and the last in January 2007. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by phone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were



at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expenditures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Information on sampling procedures, sample sizes, and response rates is found in Appendix D.



Comparability With Previous Surveys

The 2006 Survey questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable. The methodology of these Surveys did differ importantly from the 1985 and 1980 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in methodology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period, which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



vii



Highlights



Introduction



The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from interviews with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2006 participation and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older. The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activities in the State in 2006. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected by the Survey’s household screen and detailed phase, we can estimate that about 33 percent more anglers and hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 4 years prior to the survey year 2006. In addition to 2006 estimates, we also provide trend information in the Highlights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2006 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Survey reports because they used similar methodologies. The 2006 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted earlier than 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy. The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2005, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2005 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey. This report does not provide information about the State’s wildlife



resources. That, and additional information on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s Web site is .



people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.



Sportspersons

Anglers Hunters



Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Wildlife-associated recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-associated recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photographing, and feeding fish or wildlife.



Fished only



Fished and hunted



Hunted only



Anglers

Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing.



Fishing and Hunting

This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2006, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters.



Sportspersons

Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2006 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of three subgroups, as shown in the diagram on this page: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted. The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those



Hunters

Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns but also those who had no license and those who hunted with a bow and arrow, primitive firearm, or pistol or handgun.



2



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Four types of hunting are reported: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters participated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters.



in wildlife around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included. Two types of wildlife watching are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residential) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of participants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are explained next.



or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities.



Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching

This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; (5) maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) visiting public parks within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.



Wildlife Watchers

Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlifewatching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. The 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, collected data only for activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching. The 1980 and 1985 Surveys included estimates of unplanned wildlife watching around the home and while on trips taken for another purpose. The 2006 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest”



Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching

This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish, hunt,



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



3



2006 Wisconsin Summary



Activities in Wisconsin by Residents and Nonresidents Fishing

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,394,000 Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,823,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,647,035,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $747,312,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $899,723,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,180 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36



Activities in Wisconsin by Nonresidents Fishing

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381,000 Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,789,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $580,183,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $301,395,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $278,788,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,525 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $80



Hunting

Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,059,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,312,128,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $275,268,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,036,860,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,868 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27



Hunting

Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41,245,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,084,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,161,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $856 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $66



Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 2,039,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 685,000 Around-the-home participants. . . . . . . . . 1,703,000 Days of participation away from home . . . . . 5,547,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $744,689,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $260,166,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $484,524,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $357 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $47



Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 329,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 329,000 Around-the-home participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) Days of participation away from home . . . . 1,786,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $220,752,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $186,977,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $33,776,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $647 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $105

(X) Not applicable.



4



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Activities in Wisconsin by Residents Fishing

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014,000 Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,034,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,066,852,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $445,917,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $620,935,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,053 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26



Activities by Wisconsin Residents Both Inside and Outside Wisconsin Fishing

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025,000 Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,771,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,193,390,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $554,321,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $639,069,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,164 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31



Hunting

Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,679,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,270,883,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $250,184,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,020,699,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,958 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26



Hunting

Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,998,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,329,161,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $291,119,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,038,042,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,039 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29



Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . 1,710,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 356,000 Around-the-home participants. . . . . . . . 1,703,000 Days of participation away from home . . . . . 3,760,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $523,937,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $73,189,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $450,748,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $306 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19



Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 1,710,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 424,000 Around-the-home participants. . . . . . . . . 1,703,000 Days of participation away from home . . . . . 4,568,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $644,271,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $188,626,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $455,645,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $377 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



5



Wildlife-Associated Recreation



Participation in Wisconsin

The 2006 Survey found that 2.9 million Wisconsin residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Wisconsin. Of the total number of participants, 1.4 million fished, 697 thousand hunted, and 2.0 million participated in wildlifewatching activities, which include observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildliferelated recreation because many individuals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity.



and participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2005 and 2006. Based on this assumption, in addition to the 1.0 million resident anglers 16 years old and older, there were 230 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, in addition to the 652 thousand residents 16 years old and older who hunted, there were 59 thousand 6-to-15-year-old residents who hunted. Finally, there were 1.7 million Wisconsin residents 16 years old and older and 207 thousand 6- to 15-yearolds who wildlife watched. Further information on 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B.



Percent of Total Participants by Activity

(Total: 2.9 million participants)



70%



48%



Participation by 6-to-15-Year-Old Wisconsin Residents

The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2005. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the relative activity levels of 6-to-15-year-old participants



Expenditures in Wisconsin

In 2006, state residents and nonresidents spent $3.9 billion on wildlife recreation in Wisconsin. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $1.3 billion and equipment purchases totaled $1.4 billion. The remaining $1.2 billion was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items.



24%



Fishing



Hunting



Wildlife watching



Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Wisconsin: 2006

(U.S. residents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watchers Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Tables 3, 24, and 39.



Wildlife-Associated Recreation Expenditures in Wisconsin

(Total: $3.9 billion)

Other 31%



2.9 million



1.6 million 1.4 million 697 thousand



Trip-related 33%



2.0 million 685 thousand 1.7 million



Equipment 37%



6



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Sportspersons



In 2006, 1.6 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Wisconsin. This group comprised 1.4 million anglers (88 percent of



all sportspersons) and 697 thousand hunters (44 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 1.6 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 885 thousand (56 percent)



fished but did not hunt in Wisconsin. Another 188 thousand (12 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 509 thousand (32 percent) fished and hunted in Wisconsin in 2006.



Sportspersons’ Participation in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Sportspersons (fished or hunted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 1.



1.6 million 1.4 million 885 thousand 509 thousand 697 thousand 188 thousand 509 thousand



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



7



Anglers



Participants and Days of Fishing

In 2006, 1.4 million state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Wisconsin. Of this total, 1.0 million anglers (73 percent) were state residents and 381 thousand anglers (27 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 20.8 million days in Wisconsin—an average of 15 days per angler. State residents fished 17.0 million days—82 percent of all fishing days in Wisconsin. Nonresidents fished



3.8 million days in Wisconsin—18 percent of all fishing days in the state. A large majority of Wisconsin residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 1.0 million Wisconsin residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2006 for a total of 17.8 million days. An estimated 99 percent of all Wisconsin residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Wisconsin residents,



96 percent or 17.0 million were in their home state. Some state residents fished in states other than Wisconsin. In 2006, 144 thousand Wisconsin residents fished in other states—14 percent of all residents fishing in any state. They fished 800 thousand days as nonresidents, representing 4 percent of all days fished by Wisconsin residents. For further details about fishing in Wisconsin, see Table 3.



Anglers in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 3.



1.4 million 1.0 million 381 thousand 20.8 million 17.0 million 3.8 million



In State/Out of State

(State residents 16 years old and older) Wisconsin anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3.



1.0 million 1.0 million 144 thousand 17.8 million 17.0 million 800 thousand



8



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Fishing Expenditures in Wisconsin

All fishing-related expenditures in Wisconsin totaled $1.6 billion in 2006. Trip-related expenditures, which include food and lodging, transportation, and other trip expenses, totaled $747 million—45 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $352 million and transportation expenditures were $226 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $170 million. Each angler spent an average of $536 on trip-related costs during 2006. Anglers spent $623 million on equipment in Wisconsin in 2006, 38 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, line, etc.) spending totaled $152 million—24 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothes, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $471 million—76 percent of the equipment total. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $276 million— 17 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Wisconsin, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23.



Fishing Expenditures in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 19.



$1.6 billion $747 million $623 million $152 million $471 million $276 million



Fishing Expenditures in Wisconsin

(Total: $1.6 billion)



Percent of Anglers by Residence

(Total: 1.4 million participants)



73% Equipment 38%



Other 17% Trip-related 45% 27%



Residents



Nonresidents



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



9



Hunters



Participants and Days of Hunting

In 2006, there were 697 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Wisconsin. Resident hunters numbered 649 thousand, accounting for 93 percent of the hunters in Wisconsin. There were 48 thousand nonresidents who hunted in Wisconsin—7 percent of the state’s hunters. Residents and nonresidents hunted 10.1 million days in 2006, an average of 14 days per hunter. Residents hunted 9.7 million days in



Wisconsin or 96 percent of all hunting days, while nonresidents spent 380 thousand days hunting in Wisconsin or 4 percent of all hunting days. There were 652 thousand Wisconsin residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2006 for a total of 10.0 million days. An estimated 100 percent of all Wisconsin residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Wisconsin residents, 97 percent or



9.7 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. Some state residents hunted in states other than Wisconsin. Altogether, 39 thousand or 6 percent of all Wisconsin hunters hunted in other states. Their 337 thousand days of hunting in other states represented 3 percent of all days Wisconsin residents spent hunting in 2006. For more information on hunting activities by Wisconsin residents, see Table 3.



Hunters in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 3.



697 thousand 649 thousand 48 thousand 10.1 million 9.7 million 380 thousand



In State/Out of State

(State residents 16 years old and older) Wisconsin hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3.



652 thousand 649 thousand 39 thousand 10.0 million 9.7 million 337 thousand



10



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Hunting Expenditures in Wisconsin

All hunting-related expenditures in Wisconsin totaled $1.3 billion in 2006. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transportation, and other trip expenses, totaled $275 million— 21 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $147 million and transportation expenditures were $104 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $24 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $395. Hunters spent $317 million on equipment—24 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $170 million and made up 54 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $146 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 46 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing and ownership, cost hunters $720 million—55 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Wisconsin, see Tables 20 through 23.



Hunting Expenditures in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 20.



$1.3 billion $275 million $317 million $170 million $146 million $720 million



Hunting Expenditures in Wisconsin

(Total: $1.3 billion)

Trip-related 21%



Percent of Hunters by Residence

(Total: 697 thousand participants)

93%



Equipment 24%



Other 55% 7% Residents Nonresidents



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



11



Wildlife Watchers



Participants and Days of Activity

In 2006, 2.0 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or



photographed wildlife in Wisconsin. Most of them, 84 percent (1.7 million), enjoyed their activities close to home



Wildlife-Watching Participants in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 24.



2.0 million 1.7 million 685 thousand



and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least 1 mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in Wisconsin in 2006 numbered 685 thousand—34 percent of all wildlife watchers in Wisconsin. Of the 685 thousand, 356 thousand were state residents and 329 thousand were nonresidents. Wisconsin residents 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-fromhome wildlife watching within their state totaled 356 thousand. Of this group, 328 thousand participants observed wildlife and 121 thousand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one away-from-home activity during the year, the sum of wildlife observers and photographers exceeds the total number of away-from-home participants. Wisconsin residents spent 3.8 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 3.1 million days observing wildlife and 986 thousand days photographing wildlife. The sum of days observing and photographing wildlife exceeds the total days of wildlife-watching activity because individuals engaged in more than one activity on some days. For further details about away-from-home activities, see Table 25. Wisconsin residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2006, 1.7 million state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within 1 mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 1.5 million fed, 1.1 million observed, and 445 thousand photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 271 thousand participants maintained natural areas of 1/4 acre or more for wildlife; 260 thousand participants maintained plantings for the



Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 25.



685 thousand 657 thousand 162 thousand 323 thousand 5.5 million 4.7 million 717 thousand 1.7 million



Around-the-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Wisconsin

(State residents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 27.



1.7 million 1.5 million 1.1 million 445 thousand 271 thousand 260 thousand 367 thousand



12



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



benefit of wildlife; and 367 thousand participants visited public parks within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 24 percent of resident around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Wisconsin residents participating in around-thehome wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27.



Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Wisconsin

Wildlife watchers spent $745 million on wildlife-watching activities in Wisconsin in 2006. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging ($172 million), transportation ($80 million), and other trip expenses ($9 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $260 million. This summation comprised 35 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the triprelated expenditures for away-fromhome participants was $367 per person in 2006. Wildlife-watching participants spent $285 million on equipment—38 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equipment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $200 million, 70 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.)



and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $85 million—30 percent of all equipment costs. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but can be used in activities other than wildlifewatching activities. Other items purchased by wildlifewatching participants, such as magazines, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $199 million—27 percent of all wildlifewatching expenditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Wisconsin, see Table 31.



Wild Bird Observers

Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Wisconsin. In 2006, 1.5 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. Seventy-two percent (1.0 million) observed wild birds around the home while 43 percent (622 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds.



Around-the-Home and Away-From-Home Participation by Wisconsin Residents

(Total: 1.7 million participants)

76%



Wild Bird Observers in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 29.



1.5 million 1.0 million 622 thousand 141.7 million 136.9 million 4.8 million

24%



Around the home only



Both around the home and away from home



Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Wisconsin

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 31.



$745 million $260 million $285 million $200 million $85 million $199 million



Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Wisconsin

(Total: $745 million)

Equipment 38%



Other 27%



Trip-related 35%



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



13



1996–2006 Comparisons



Comparing the estimates from the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildliferelated recreation in the late 1990s and early-to-mid 2000s in Wisconsin. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here. The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the



estimates. A 90-percent confidence interval around an estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different. The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Wisconsin residents anywhere in



the United States. The in-state estimates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity of U.S. residents in Wisconsin. The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all estimates are in 2006 dollars.



Wisconsin 1996 and 2006 Comparison

(Numbers in thousands) 1996 Fishing Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance.



2006



Percent change



1,474 17,130 $1,381,686 968 $1,207,105



1,394 20,823 $1,647,035 1,025 $1,193,390



* * * * *



665 10,042 $1,101,783 598 $1,099,110



697 10,059 $1,312,128 652 $1,329,161



* * * * *



1,045 12,154 691



685 5,547 424



–34 –54 –39



1,592 1,274 1,453



1,703 1,059 1,534



* * *



$1,175,607 $761,700



$744,689 $644,271



* *



14



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Wisconsin 2001 and 2006 Comparison

(Numbers in thousands) 2001 Fishing Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance.



2006



Percent change



1,412 22,042 $1,145,870 981 $962,774 660 9,653 $913,138 591 $723,231 1,000 16,499 769 2,076 1,521 1,822 $1,495,246 $1,387,472



1,394 20,823 $1,647,035 1,025 $1,193,390 697 10,059 $1,312,128 652 $1,329,161 685 5,547 424 1,703 1,059 1,534 $744,689 $644,271



* * 44 * * * * * * 84 –32 –66 –45 –18 –30 –16 –50 –54



Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Wisconsin: 1996–2006

(In thousands)

Anglers Hunters



Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Wisconsin: 1996–2006

(In thousands)

Around the home Away from home



Total Expenditures by Participants in Wisconsin: 1996–2006

(In millions of 2006 dollars)

Anglers Hunters Wildlife watchers



2,076 1,703 1,495 1,382 1,102 1,045 665 660 697 1,000 685 1,176 1,146 913



1,647 1,312



1,474



1,592 1,412 1,394



745



1996



2001



2006



1996



2001



2006



1996



2001



2006



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



15



Guide to Statistical Tables



Purpose and Coverage of Tables

The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A. The tables are based on responses to the 2006 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wildlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for interviewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include participation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States.



Percentages Reported in the Tables

Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories. Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game. When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total population who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages.



W Less than .5 dollars. Z Less than 0.5 percent. X Not applicable. NA Not asked. Estimates based upon fewer than 10 responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently: • • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



Comparability With Previous Surveys

The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2006 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology in 1991. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the estimates.



“Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 12 as an example, those who hunt for big game, small game, migratory birds, and other animals are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Another example is Table 15, where total anglers and hunters add up to more than total sportspersons. Totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist. “Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered voluntarily and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. Totals are greater than the sum of subcategories when nonresponses have occurred. This occurs because some respondents answered the question that provided the category estimate but did not answer the subcategory questions.



Coverage of an Individual Table

Since the Survey covers many activities in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indicates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species.



Footnotes to the Tables

Footnotes are used to clarify the information or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. These symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear: * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably because there were fewer than 10 responses.



16



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Wisconsin by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Sportspersons Number Total sportspersons (fished or hunted) . . . . . . . . Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



State residents Percent of resident sportspersons 100 86 45 42 55 14 42



Nonresidents Percent of nonresident sportspersons 100 93 88 ... *12 *7 ...



Percent of sportspersons 100 88 56 32 44 12 32



Number 1,174 1,014 525 489 649 160 489



Number 408 381 360 ... *48 *28 ...



1,582 1,394 885 509 697 188 509



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Wisconsin by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Type of fishing and hunting Number FISHING Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



Days of participation Percent Number Percent



Trips Number Percent



1,394 1,349 1,253 235 ...



100 97 90 17 ...



20,823 19,921 16,216 3,705 ...



100 96 78 18 ...



12,646 12,646 9,516 3,130 ...



100 100 75 25 ...



697 639 222 *75 ...



100 92 32 *11 ...



10,059 7,950 2,059 *756 ...



100 79 20 *8 ...



6,837 4,636 1,575 *580 ...



100 68 23 *8 ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



17



Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Wisconsin Anglers and hunters, trips, and days of participation Total, state residents and nonresidents Number FISHING Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . Average days of fishing . . . . . . HUNTING Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of hunting . . . . . . . . Average days of hunting . . . . .

(X) Not applicable.



Activity by Wisconsin residents in United States Nonresidents Total, in state of residence and in other states In state of residence In other states Percent



State residents



Percent Number



Percent Number



Percent Number



Percent Number



Percent Number



1,394 12,646 20,823 15



100 100 100 (X)



1,014 11,248 17,034 17



73 89 82 (X)



381 1,398 3,789 10



27 11 18 (X)



1,025 11,688 17,771 17



100 100 100 (X)



1,014 11,248 17,034 17



99 96 96 (X)



144 440 800 6



14 4 4 (X)



697 6,837 10,059 14



100 100 100 (X)



649 6,607 9,679 15



93 97 96 (X)



*48 *229 *380 *8



*7 *3 *4 (X)



652 6,691 9,998 15



100 100 100 (X)



649 6,607 9,679 15



100 99 97 (X)



*39 *84 *337 *9



*6 *1 *3 (X)



* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 4. Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Place fished or hunted Number Total, all places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state and other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



Hunters Percent 100 86 13 ... Number 652 613 *36 ... Percent 100 94 *6 ...



1,025 881 132 ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail may not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



18



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 5. Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Type of fishing and hunting Number FISHING Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



Days of participation Percent Number Percent



Trips Number Percent



1,025 993 930 185 ...



100 97 91 18 ...



17,771 17,479 14,425 3,499 ...



100 98 81 20 ...



11,688 11,531 8,464 3,067 ...



100 99 72 26 ...



652 613 203 *72 ...



100 94 31 *11 ...



9,998 7,929 2,036 *736 ...



100 79 20 *7 ...



6,691 4,598 1,480 *566 ...



100 69 22 *8 ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Wisconsin Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Total, state residents and nonresidents Number Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANGLERS Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



State residents Number 918 8,241 13,424 15 Percent 73 87 83 (X)



Nonresidents Number 336 1,274 2,792 8 Percent 27 13 17 (X)



Percent 100 100 100 (X)



1,253 9,516 16,216 13



1,253 1,041 489



100 100 100



918 799 406



73 77 83



336 242 83



27 23 17



16,216 13,026 4,439



100 100 100



13,424 11,007 3,931



83 84 89



2,792 2,019 508



17 16 11



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



19



Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin by Type of Fish: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Wisconsin Total, state residents and nonresidents Percent of total types Percent of anglers/ days State residents Percent of anglers/ days Nonresidents Percent of anglers/ days



Anglers and days of fishing



Number ANGLERS Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1



Number



Number



1,253 304 760 157 403 *46 494 422 ... *90 ... 160 ...



100 24 61 12 32 *4 39 34 ... *7 ... 13 ...



100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 ... *100 ... 100 ...



918 220 622 116 298 ... 370 301 ... *50 ... 121 ...



73 73 82 74 74 ... 75 71 ... *56 ... 75 ...



336 83 138 *41 106 ... 125 121 ... *40 ... *39 ...



27 27 18 *26 26 ... 25 29 ... *44 ... *25 ...



16,216 3,417 8,635 1,559 4,242 *855 6,077 4,265 ... *690 ... 982 ...



100 21 53 10 26 *5 37 26 ... *4 ... 6 ...



100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 ... *100 ... 100 ...



13,424 2,918 7,766 1,424 3,271 ... 5,156 3,265 ... *580 ... 728 ...



83 85 90 91 77 ... 85 77 ... *84 ... 74 ...



2,792 499 869 *135 972 ... 921 1,000 ... *110 ... *253 ...



17 15 10 *9 23 ... 15 23 ... *16 ... *26 ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



20



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Wisconsin Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Total, state residents and nonresidents Number Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.



State residents Number 176 3,007 3,348 19 Percent 75 96 90 (X)



Nonresidents Number *60 *124 *357 *6 Percent *25 *4 *10 (X)



Percent 100 100 100 (X)



235 3,130 3,705 16



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin by Type of Fish: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Wisconsin Total, state residents and nonresidents Percent of total types Percent of anglers/ days State residents Percent of anglers/ days Nonresidents Percent of anglers/ days



Anglers and days of fishing



Number ANGLERS Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Great Lakes fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Great Lakes fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1



Number



Number



235 ... ... ... ... 145 ... *91 *79 ... ...



100 ... ... ... ... 62 ... *39 *34 ... ...



100 ... ... ... ... 100 ... *100 *100 ... ...



176 ... ... ... ... *103 ... *86 *61 ... ...



75 ... ... ... ... *71 ... *95 *77 ... ...



*60 ... ... ... ... *43 ... ... ... ... ...



*25 ... ... ... ... *29 ... ... ... ... ...



3,705 ... ... ... ... 1,502 ... *1,148 *1,022 ... ...



100 ... ... ... ... 41 ... *31 *28 ... ...



100 ... ... ... ... 100 ... *100 *100 ... ...



3,348 ... ... ... ... *1,268 ... *1,118 *919 ... ...



90 ... ... ... ... *84 ... *97 *90 ... ...



*357 ... ... ... ... *234 ... ... ... ... ...



*10 ... ... ... ... *16 ... ... ... ... ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



21



Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin: 2006

This table does not apply to this state.



Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wisconsin by Type of Fish: 2006

This table does not apply to this state.



22



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Wisconsin by Type of Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Wisconsin Hunters, trips, and days of hunting Total, state residents and nonresidents Number HUNTERS Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIPS Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



State residents Number Percent



Nonresidents Number Percent



Percent



697 639 222 *75 ...



100 100 100 *100 ...



649 613 198 *72 ...



93 96 89 *96 ...



*48 *26 ... ... ...



*7 *4 ... ... ...



6,837 4,636 1,575 *580 ...



100 100 100 *100 ...



6,607 4,565 1,439 *557 ...



97 98 91 *96 ...



*229 *71 ... ... ...



*3 *2 ... ... ...



10,059 7,950 2,059 *756 ...



100 100 100 *100 ...



9,679 7,740 1,889 *699 ...



96 97 92 *92 ...



*380 *210 ... ... ...



*4 *3 ... ... ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



23



Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wisconsin by Type of Game: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters, state residents and nonresidents Number Total, all types of game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rabbit, hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grouse/prairie chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pheasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals, total

1



Days of hunting Percent 100 92 89 ... ... 23 ... 32 *10 ... *11 *9 17 ... *11 *9 *8 *7 ... ... ... Number 10,059 7,950 6,683 ... ... 1,187 ... 2,059 *425 ... *814 *465 1,114 ... *756 *716 *483 *517 ... ... ... Percent 100 79 66 ... ... 12 ... 20 *4 ... *8 *5 11 ... *8 *7 *5 *5 ... ... ...



Type of game



697 639 620 ... ... 159 ... 222 *67 ... *77 *60 117 ... *75 *66 *54 *48 ... ... ...



................................



* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wisconsin by Type of Land: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Number HUNTERS Total, all types of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public and private land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private and public land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all types of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2



State residents Number Percent



Nonresidents Number Percent



Hunters and days of hunting



Percent



697 236 *96 139 579 440 139



100 34 *14 20 83 63 20



649 223 *93 129 534 405 129



100 34 *14 20 82 62 20



*48 ... ... ... *45 *35 ...



*100 ... ... ... *94 *73 ...



10,059 2,437 7,862



100 24 78



9,679 2,374 7,508



100 25 78



*380 ... *354



*100 ... *93



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



24



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Population Characteristic Number Total persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,350 3,014 1,336 Percent Number 100 69 31 1,185 608 578 Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Percent who participated 27 20 43 Percent of sportspersons Number 100 51 49 1,025 547 479 Anglers Percent who participated 24 18 36 Hunters Percent who participated 15 9 29



Percent of anglers Number 100 53 47 652 264 388



Percent of hunters 100 40 60



3,259 1,296 704 1,259 1,091 2,067 2,283 128 432 668 849 910 667 697 141 4,209 3,982 190 178 119 214 415 492 328 894 350 562 976 346 1,643 1,156 1,205



75 30 16 29 25 48 52 3 10 15 20 21 15 16 3 97 92 4 4 3 5 10 11 8 21 8 13 22 8 38 27 28



820 233 179 408 365 864 321 *39 *69 173 255 375 164 111 ... 1,180 1,148 ... ... ... ... *79 175 98 295 163 156 193 *60 461 324 341



25 18 25 32 33 42 14 *30 *16 26 30 41 25 16 ... 28 29 ... ... ... ... *19 36 30 33 47 28 20 *17 28 28 28



69 20 15 34 31 73 27 *3 *6 15 21 32 14 9 ... 100 97 ... ... ... ... *7 15 8 25 14 13 16 *5 39 27 29



719 211 164 344 307 731 295 ... *66 153 216 319 143 101 ... 1,025 988 ... ... ... ... *79 *146 *78 250 138 150 166 *53 373 293 306



22 16 23 27 28 35 13 ... *15 23 25 35 21 14 ... 24 25 ... ... ... ... *19 *30 *24 28 39 27 17 *15 23 25 25



70 21 16 34 30 71 29 ... *6 15 21 31 14 10 ... 100 96 ... ... ... ... *8 *14 *8 24 13 15 16 *5 36 29 30



438 *92 *92 253 214 548 *104 ... ... *92 151 202 *96 *49 ... 646 630 ... ... ... ... ... *101 *71 178 *81 *104 *77 ... 332 172 113



13 *7 *13 20 20 27 *5 ... ... *14 18 22 *14 *7 ... 15 16 ... ... ... ... ... *20 *22 20 *23 *18 *8 ... 20 15 9



67 *14 *14 39 33 84 *16 ... ... *14 23 31 *15 *8 ... 99 97 ... ... ... ... ... *15 *11 27 *12 *16 *12 ... 51 26 17



Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college or more . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



25



Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Expenditure item FISHING AND HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing, hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FISHING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNSPECIFIED5 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3 4 5



Spenders (thousands)



3,174,312 499,094 330,038 193,449 326,651 94,480 727,389 6,640 15,200 981,372



1,610 1,180 1,265 1,055 966 352 147 240 157 1,238



1,972 423 261 183 338 269 4,955 28 97 793



1,995 316 209 122 202 55 459 4 9 620



1,647,035 351,744 225,688 169,879 152,350 8,795 *462,275 *1,448 *2,662 272,193



1,358 1,002 1,059 994 746 102 *112 *80 *37 928



1,213 351 213 171 204 87 *4,114 *18 *71 293



1,180 252 162 122 108 6 *332 *1 *2 195



1,312,128 147,349 104,350 23,569 170,466 53,572 ... *2,648 *8,277 709,179



732 477 523 197 482 207 ... *78 *65 611



1,791 309 200 119 354 259 ... *34 *128 1,161



1,869 211 150 34 235 76 ... *3 *12 1,016



211,315



201



1,052



128



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). Includes tents, special clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.



26



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item ALL FISHING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALL FRESHWATER Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GREAT LAKES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SALTWATER Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



Amount (thousands of dollars)



Spenders (thousands)



Average per spender (dollars)



Average per angler (dollars)



1,329,136 351,744 225,688 128,284 623,420



1,299 1,002 1,059 994 780



1,023 351 213 129 800



953 252 162 92 446



1,299,919 351,744 225,308 128,284 594,583



1,273 1,002 1,059 994 726



1,021 351 213 129 819



932 261 167 95 409



1,090,614 268,890 177,340 119,462 524,923



1,189 917 970 902 675



917 293 183 132 777



868 215 141 95 417



209,304 82,855 47,968 8,822 *69,660



246 166 205 179 *102



851 499 234 49 *684



716 352 204 37 *123



... ... ... ... ...

... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



... ... ... ... ...



... ... ... ... ...



... ... ... ... ...



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



27



Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item ALL HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BIG GAME Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SMALL GAME Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MIGRATORY BIRD Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER ANIMALS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



Amount (thousands of dollars)



Spenders (thousands)



Average per spender (dollars)



Average per hunter (dollars)



592,025 147,349 104,350 23,569 316,756



642 477 523 197 502



922 309 200 119 631



838 211 150 34 444



411,425 121,952 75,818 12,237 201,418



587 434 471 148 412



700 281 161 83 489



633 191 119 19 304



91,193 21,471 21,837 *9,114 38,772



209 159 162 *73 110



436 135 135 *124 352



1,417 435 442 *185 356



*66,844 *3,709 *6,090 ... *54,829



*81 *39 *54 ... *51



*827 *95 *113 ... *1,074



*1,352 *402 *660 ... *49



... ... ... ... ...

... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



... ... ... ... ...



... ... ... ... ...



... ... ... ... ...



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.



28



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 19. Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 1,647,035 Average per angler (dollars) 1,180 Number (thousands) 1,358 Spenders Percent of anglers 97 Average per spender (dollars) 1,213



Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR FISHING Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reels, rods, and rod-making components . . . . . . . . . . . Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial lures and flies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers. . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing costs6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3 4 5 6



747,312 351,744 224,653 127,091 225,688 169,879 15,310 92,957 45,293 7,374 8,946



536 252 161 91 162 122 11 67 32 5 6



1,222 1,131 997 313 1,059 994 239 477 796 339 162



88 81 72 22 76 71 17 34 57 24 12



611 311 225 405 213 171 64 195 57 22 55



152,350 43,005 29,146 27,564 *2,604 *1,223 48,807 8,795 *462,275 276,303



108 30 21 20 *2 *1 35 6 *332 198



746 353 527 523 *123 *94 310 102 *112 939



53 25 38 38 *9 *7 22 7 *8 67



204 122 55 53 *21 *13 157 87 *4,114 294



Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use. Boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment. Includes tents, special fishing clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



29



Table 20. Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 1,312,128 Average per hunter (dollars) 1,868 Number (thousands) 732 Spenders Percent of hunters 105 Average per spender (dollars) 1,791



Total, all items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING Hunting equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firearms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other hunting equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other hunting costs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3 4 5



275,268 147,349 103,088 *44,261 104,350 *23,569 *15,657 ... ...



395 211 148 *63 150 *34 *22 ... ...



568 568 475 *75 523 *197 *87 ... ...



81 81 68 *11 75 *28 *12 ... ...



485 260 217 *593 200 *119 *181 ... ...



170,466 *62,890 30,427 77,149 53,572 ... 720,103



235 *90 43 101 76 ... 1,030



482 *107 421 245 207 ... 628



69 *15 60 35 30 ... 90



354 *590 72 315 259 ... 1,147



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes guide fees, pack trip or package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment. Includes bows, arrows, archery equipment, telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, and other hunting equipment. Includes tents, special hunting clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, and permits.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 percent because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.



30



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin for Fishing and Hunting by Wisconsin Residents and Nonresidents: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Expenditure item STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE RESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total. . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3



Spenders (thousands)



2,144,316 1,370,732 351,744 225,688 92,957 76,922 623,420 592,025 147,349 104,350 ... 22,934 316,756 181,560



1,486 1,299 1,002 1,059 477 939 780 642 477 523 ... 189 502 77



1,443 1,055 351 213 195 82 800 922 309 200 ... 122 631 2,345



1,356 983 252 162 67 55 447 849 211 150 ... 33 454 115



1,683,968 964,888 191,954 138,307 57,475 58,180 518,971 555,975 139,382 94,458 ... 15,837 305,791 *163,105



1,077 940 686 738 336 692 636 577 431 477 ... 166 469 *66



1,564 1,027 280 187 171 84 817 964 323 198 ... 95 653 *2,478



1,435 952 189 136 57 57 512 857 215 146 ... 24 471 *139



460,348 405,843 159,790 87,381 35,482 18,742 104,449 36,050 *7,967 *9,892 ... ... *10,965 ...



409 360 316 321 142 248 144 65 *46 *46 ... ... *34 ...



1,124 1,128 505 272 250 76 725 551 *174 *216 ... ... *327 ...



1,127 1,067 420 230 93 49 275 748 *165 *205 ... ... *227 ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil. Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



31



Table 22. Summary of Wisconsin Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wisconsin: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Expenditure item FISHING AND HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing, hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FISHING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNSPECIFIED5 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3 4 5



Spenders (thousands)



2,698,139 413,779 281,710 149,951 309,603 75,027 *627,352 5,875 14,937 819,906



1,165 867 933 781 824 329 *120 216 143 978



2,317 477 302 192 376 228 *5,243 27 104 839



2,276 349 238 126 261 63 *529 5 13 692



1,193,390 258,603 168,823 126,895 144,248 8,835 *377,768 *1,393 *2,571 104,256



991 713 759 740 619 98 *91 *78 *26 697



1,204 363 222 171 233 90 *4,170 *18 *99 150



1,164 252 165 124 141 9 *368 *1 *3 102



1,329,161 155,176 112,887 23,056 161,344 57,814 ... *2,166 *8,350 715,650



646 443 489 182 456 205 ... *71 *68 578



2,059 350 231 127 354 282 ... *31 *124 1,239



2,039 238 173 35 248 89 ... *3 *13 1,098



171,576



167



1,025



145



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). Includes tents, special clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.



32



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Expenditure item IN WISCONSIN Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing and hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total4 . . . . . OUT OF STATE Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing and hunting). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3 4



Spenders (thousands)



2,511,346 696,101 299,551 67,155 *625,516 823,023 1,066,852 445,917 135,297 7,742 *375,932 101,964 1,270,883 250,184 160,713 52,359 ... 714,908 169,787



1,153 1,018 808 314 *120 987 979 884 609 89 *91 682 646 522 453 199 ... 581 162



2,179 683 371 214 *5,227 834 1,090 504 222 87 *4,150 150 1,969 480 355 263 ... 1,231 1,050



2,140 593 255 57 *533 701 1,053 440 133 8 *371 101 1,958 385 248 81 ... 1,102 145



188,141 152,356 *10,052 ... ... 17,621 127,697 109,562 *8,951 ... ... *6,255 *59,532 *42,794 ... ... ... *11,185 ...



218 149 *51 ... ... 118 166 119 *42 ... ... *70 *60 *39 ... ... ... *45 ...



864 1,023 *197 ... ... 149 768 923 *211 ... ... *90 *985 *1,095 ... ... ... *246 ...



1,097 889 *59 ... ... 103 886 760 *62 ... ... *43 *1,523 *1,095 ... ... ... *286 ...



4



....



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes tents, special hunting or fishing clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, land leasing and ownership, stamps, tags, and licenses. Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



33



Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1



Number 2,039 685 657 323 *162 1,703 1,059 445 1,534 *367 371



Percent 100 34 32 16 *8 84 52 22 75 *18 18



Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Wisconsin: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Wisconsin Participants, trips, and days of participation Total, state residents and nonresidents Number PARTICIPANTS Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIPS Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per trip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



State residents Number Percent



Nonresidents Number Percent



Percent



685 657 323 *162



100 96 47 *24



356 328 *121 ...



100 92 *34 ...



329 329 *202 ...



100 100 *61 ...



3,427 2



100 (X)



2,151 2



100 (X)



1,276 1



100 (X)



5,547 4,703 1,658 *717 8 7 5 *4



100 85 30 *13 (X) (X) (X) (X)



3,760 *3,106 *986 ... 11 *9 *8 ...

(X) Not applicable.



100 *83 *26 ... (X) (X) (X) (X)



1,786 *1,597 *672 ... 5 *5 *3 ...



100 *89 *38 ... (X) (X) (X) (X)



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



34



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Wisconsin: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Number Total all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swan, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.) . . . . Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.) . . . . Total land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large land mammals (bears, bison, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.) . . . . Fish (salmon, shark, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



State residents Number 356 *312 *264 *234 *254 *211 *248 *306 *290 *263 *101 ... *178 Percent 52 *50 *51 *46 *46 *48 *64 *56 *58 *64 *60 ... *60



Nonresidents Number 329 *310 *258 *279 *294 *232 *140 *244 *213 *146 ... ... *121 Percent 48 *50 *49 *54 *54 *52 *36 *44 *42 *36 ... ... *40



Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed



Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 ... 100



685 622 522 512 548 443 388 549 503 409 *167 ... 299



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



35



Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Wisconsin: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Around the home Number Total around-the-home participants. . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participants Observing Wildlife Total, all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amphibians or reptiles . . . . . . . . . . . Insects or spiders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fish and other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1



Participants Around the home Percent 100 11 to 50 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 51 to 200 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *22 201 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Participants Visiting Public Parks 1 90 Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *16 1 to 5 days. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *15 6 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 98 Participants Photographing Wildlife Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 1 to 3 days. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 11 or more days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *25 35 Participants Feeding Wildlife *27 Total, all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *21 Number ... 439 304 *367 *151 ... ... 445 *256 ... ... 1,534 1,480 432 Percent ... 41 29 *100 *41 ... ... 100 *58 ... ... 100 96 28



1,703 1,059 *367 445 1,534 *271 *260 1,059 1,042 953 687 953 *265 368 *283 1,059 *224



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



Table 28. Wisconsin Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wild birds or other wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.



Number 1,710 424 1,703 1,059 445 1,534 371 *367



Percent of participants 100 25 100 62 26 90 22 *21



Percent of population 39 10 39 24 10 35 9 *8



36



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Number OBSERVERS Total bird observers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around-the-home observers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away-from-home observers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total days observing birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



State residents Number Percent



Nonresidents Number Percent



Observers and days of observation



Percent



1,454 1,042 622



100 72 43



1,144 1,042 *312



100 91 *27



*310 ... *310



*100 ... *100



141,740 136,904 4,836



100 97 3



140,019 136,904 *3,116



100 98 *2



*1,720 ... *1,720



*100 ... *100



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



37



Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Wisconsin Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Population Total Characteristic Percent who participated 39 33 54 Away from home Percent who participated 10 *8 *14 Around the home Percent who participated 39 33 54



Number Total persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than 250,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,350 3,014 1,336



Percent Number 100 69 31 1,710 983 728



Percent Number 100 57 43 424 *234 *190



Percent Number 100 *55 *45 1,703 983 720



Percent 100 58 42



3,259 1,296 704 1,259 1,091 2,067 2,283 128 432 668 849 910 667 697 141 4,209 3,982 190 178 119 214 415 492 328 894 350 562 976 346 1,643 1,156 1,205



75 30 16 29 25 48 52 3 10 15 20 21 15 16 3 97 92 4 4 3 5 10 11 8 21 8 13 22 8 38 27 28



1,292 421 *395 475 419 804 906 ... ... *138 *270 499 *295 401 ... 1,635 1,671 ... ... ... ... *105 *223 ... 347 *236 *209 *374 ... 586 368 625



40 33 *56 38 38 39 40 ... ... *21 *32 55 *44 58 ... 39 42 ... ... ... ... *25 *45 ... 39 *67 *37 *38 ... 36 32 52



76 25 *23 28 24 47 53 ... ... *8 *16 29 *17 23 ... 96 98 ... ... ... ... *6 *13 ... 20 *14 *12 *22 ... 34 22 37



*311 ... *141 *91 *113 *271 *153 ... ... ... ... *194 ... ... ... 388 400 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *111 ... ... ... ... ... ... *285



*10 ... *20 *7 *10 *13 *7 ... ... ... ... *21 ... ... ... 9 10 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *12 ... ... ... ... ... ... *24



*73 ... *33 *22 *27 *64 *36 ... ... ... ... *46 ... ... ... 91 94 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *26 ... ... ... ... ... ... *67



1,285 421 *395 468 419 797 906 ... ... *138 *270 499 *288 401 ... 1,628 1,664 ... ... ... ... *105 *216 ... 347 *236 *209 *374 ... 586 368 625



39 33 *56 37 38 39 40 ... ... *21 *32 55 *43 58 ... 39 42 ... ... ... ... *25 *44 ... 39 *67 *37 *38 ... 36 32 52



75 25 *23 27 25 47 53 ... ... *8 *16 29 *17 24 ... 96 98 ... ... ... ... *6 *13 ... 20 *14 *12 *22 ... 34 22 37



Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college or more . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).



38



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 31. Expenditures in Wisconsin by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Spenders Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) 744,689 Average per participant (dollars) 357 Number (thousands) 1,791 Percent of wildlife-watching participants1 88 Average per spender (dollars) 416



Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, spotting scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and developing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing . . . . . . . . . . . Bird food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food for other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . . . . . . Other equipment (including field guides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3 4



260,166 171,773 111,542 *60,231 79,881 *8,512



367 251 163 *88 104 *12



631 511 504 *261 579 *184



92 75 74 *38 85 *27



412 336 221 *231 138 *46



484,524 199,868 ... *10,795 ... ... 107,851 *12,357 18,848 ... *27,604 ... *6,056 *19,323 ... *107,454



234 95 ... *5 ... ... 53 *6 9 ... *13 ... *3 *9 ... *53



1,514 1,372 ... *209 ... ... 1,214 *209 439 ... *158 ... *251 *252 ... *246



74 67 ... *10 ... ... 60 *10 22 ... *8 ... *12 *12 ... *12



320 146 ... *52 ... ... 89 *59 43 ... *174 ... *24 *77 ... *438



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



39



Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wisconsin for Wildlife Watching by Wisconsin Residents and Nonresidents: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per participant (dollars)



Expenditure item STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE RESIDENTS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NONRESIDENTS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2



Spenders (thousands)



545,350 171,773 79,881 *8,512 285,185



1,678 511 579 *184 1,372



325 336 138 *46 208



260 251 104 *12 137



345,696 *40,526 *31,222 ... 272,506



1,306 *209 *303 ... 1,275



265 *193 *103 ... 214



197 *114 *63 ... 159



199,655 *131,247 *48,659 ... ...



372 *302 *276 ... ...



537 *435 *176 ... ...



587 *399 *148 ... ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. Includes wildlife watching, auxiliary, and special equipment.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.



40



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wisconsin by Wisconsin Residents: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older) Spenders Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) 644,271 Average per participant (dollars) 377 Number (thousands) 1,369 Percent of wildlife-watching participants1 80 Average per spender (dollars) 471



Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, spotting scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and developing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cameras, special lenses, videocameras, and other photographic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing . . . . . . . . . . . Bird food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food for other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . . . . . . Other equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 2 3 4



188,626 *117,916 *62,038 *55,878 *64,707 *6,002



445 *278 *146 *132 *153 *14



350 *282 *282 *140 *334 *108



83 *67 *67 *33 *79 *25



539 *418 *220 *400 *194 *56



455,645 192,769 ... *10,868 ... ... 106,327 *12,281 18,453 ... *26,922 ... *5,401 *18,587 ... *107,454



266 113 ... *6 ... ... 62 *7 11 ... *16 ... *3 *11 ... *63



1,362 1,275 ... *209 ... ... 1,191 *199 419 ... *152 ... *222 *230 ... *246



80 75 ... *12 ... ... 70 *12 24 ... *9 ... *13 *13 ... *14



335 151 ... *52 ... ... 89 *62 44 ... *178 ... *24 *81 ... *438



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



41



Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per participant (dollars)



Expenditure item IN WISCONSIN Expenditures for wildlife watching, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OUT OF STATE Expenditures for wildlife watching, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



Spenders (thousands)



523,937 *73,189 187,871 *26,922 ... 178,241



1,369 *319 1,275 *152 ... 502



383 *229 147 *178 ... 355



306 *205 110 *16 ... 104



*120,334 ... ... ... ... ...



*157 ... ... ... ... ...



*766 ... ... ... ... ...



*1,055 ... ... ... ... ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: See Table 33 for detailed listing of expenditure items.



Table 35. Participation of Wisconsin Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total wildlife watchers Number Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants who: Did not fish or hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished or hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,710 1,031 679 594 403 Percent 100 60 40 35 24 Wildlife-watching activity Away from home Number 424 130 294 262 154 Percent 100 31 69 62 36 Around the home Number 1,703 1,091 612 539 356 Percent 100 64 36 32 21



Participants



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



Table 36. Participation of Wisconsin Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Sportspersons Number Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons who: Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities . . . . . . Engaged in wildlife-watching activities . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,185 506 679 294 612 Percent 100 43 57 25 52 Number 1,025 432 594 262 539 Percent 100 42 58 26 53 Number 652 249 403 154 356 Percent 100 38 62 24 55 Anglers Hunters



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



42



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 37. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total participants Participant’s state of residence Population United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 3,550 499 4,585 2,156 27,299 3,605 2,735 669 14,233 6,910 1,014 1,102 9,767 4,799 2,339 2,110 3,260 3,433 1,074 4,333 5,032 7,804 4,021 2,214 4,521 753 1,359 1,895 1,044 6,734 1,500 14,990 6,719 507 8,889 2,743 2,889 9,793 842 3,315 601 4,699 17,076 1,808 506 5,893 4,980 1,458 4,350 405 Number 87,465 1,417 288 1,233 1,082 6,804 1,735 1,223 256 4,626 2,415 227 564 2,886 2,279 1,306 979 1,667 1,106 717 1,549 1,931 3,651 2,480 896 2,496 510 552 530 527 1,826 601 4,103 2,816 232 4,022 1,372 1,531 4,165 355 1,283 327 2,287 5,481 764 311 2,500 2,315 735 2,217 229 Percent of population 38 40 58 27 50 25 48 45 38 33 35 22 51 30 47 56 46 51 32 67 36 38 47 62 40 55 68 41 28 51 27 40 27 42 46 45 50 53 43 42 39 54 49 32 42 62 42 46 50 51 57 Number 33,916 707 149 418 551 1,783 593 297 85 2,004 1,161 100 259 1,109 822 518 425 670 678 266 521 472 1,371 1,280 537 1,096 232 234 182 141 562 224 1,236 1,038 145 1,488 602 550 1,415 86 595 136 775 2,668 351 91 857 764 364 1,185 113 Percent of population 15 20 30 9 26 7 16 11 13 14 17 10 24 11 17 22 20 21 20 25 12 9 18 32 24 24 31 17 10 14 8 15 8 15 29 17 22 19 14 10 18 23 16 16 19 18 15 15 25 27 28 Number 71,132 1,006 207 988 859 5,799 1,459 1,102 212 3,520 1,819 160 432 2,355 1,825 1,111 787 1,341 712 600 1,334 1,725 2,947 1,946 618 2,059 412 438 420 471 1,537 490 3,548 2,267 134 3,379 1,082 1,266 3,638 312 943 266 1,966 4,111 574 279 2,126 2,007 585 1,710 194 Percent of population 31 28 42 22 40 21 40 40 32 25 26 16 39 24 38 48 37 41 21 56 31 34 38 48 28 46 55 32 22 45 23 33 24 34 26 38 39 44 37 37 28 44 42 24 32 55 36 40 40 39 48 Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



43



Table 38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Fished or hunted Sportsperson’s state of residence Population United States, total. . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,245 3,550 499 4,585 2,156 27,299 3,605 2,735 669 14,233 6,910 1,014 1,102 9,767 4,799 2,339 2,110 3,260 3,433 1,074 4,333 5,032 7,804 4,021 2,214 4,521 753 1,359 1,895 1,044 6,734 1,500 14,990 6,719 507 8,889 2,743 2,889 9,793 842 3,315 601 4,699 17,076 1,808 506 5,893 4,980 1,458 4,350 405 Number 33,916 707 149 418 551 1,783 593 297 85 2,004 1,161 100 259 1,109 822 518 425 670 678 266 521 472 1,371 1,280 537 1,096 232 234 182 141 562 224 1,236 1,038 145 1,488 602 550 1,415 86 595 136 775 2,668 351 91 857 764 364 1,185 113 Percent of population 15 20 30 9 26 7 16 11 13 14 17 10 24 11 17 22 20 21 20 25 12 9 18 32 24 24 31 17 10 14 8 15 8 15 29 17 22 19 14 10 18 23 16 16 19 18 15 15 25 27 28 Fished only Number 21,406 395 94 290 244 1,465 460 257 64 1,678 805 81 136 837 569 308 233 410 403 120 370 406 650 745 293 536 86 129 122 89 478 152 734 734 59 1,011 370 331 482 73 429 46 491 1,672 197 34 497 577 165 534 61 Percent of population 9 11 19 6 11 5 13 9 10 12 12 8 12 9 12 13 11 13 12 11 9 8 8 19 13 12 11 10 6 9 7 10 5 11 12 11 13 11 5 9 13 8 10 10 11 7 8 12 11 12 15 Hunted only Number 3,964 79 *11 48 88 *94 *39 ... *9 *54 *101 ... *36 *74 83 70 56 *49 *81 40 46 *20 272 *138 *58 165 53 42 26 *17 *32 34 207 *74 40 195 *55 67 425 ... *48 41 *67 324 38 20 127 74 58 160 *15 Percent of population 2 2 *2 1 4 *(Z) *1 ... *1 *(Z) *1 ... *3 *1 2 3 3 *1 *2 4 1 *(Z) 3 *3 *3 4 7 3 1 *2 *(Z) 2 1 *1 8 2 *2 2 4 ... *1 7 *1 2 2 4 2 1 4 4 *4 Fished and hunted Number 8,546 233 44 81 220 223 94 34 12 271 255 *14 88 198 171 141 136 212 195 106 105 46 449 398 186 394 92 63 34 35 53 38 295 230 47 282 177 152 508 *10 119 50 217 672 116 37 233 113 141 492 37 Percent of population 4 7 9 2 10 1 3 1 2 2 4 *1 8 2 4 6 6 7 6 10 2 1 6 10 8 9 12 5 2 3 1 3 2 3 9 3 6 5 5 *1 4 8 5 4 6 7 4 2 10 11 9



* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



(Z) Less than 0.5 percent.



Notes: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. Table includes state residents’ participation both inside and outside their resident state.



44



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 39. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total participants State where activity took place Number United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,465 1,719 691 1,546 1,419 7,385 2,234 1,332 395 5,886 2,773 366 1,005 3,126 2,610 1,455 1,107 1,906 1,221 1,007 1,867 2,205 4,217 2,970 1,138 2,876 950 650 788 839 2,100 947 4,595 3,412 279 4,247 1,472 1,837 4,663 527 1,653 572 2,824 6,029 1,132 545 2,866 2,739 994 2,913 762 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 33,916 962 315 493 790 1,814 813 309 189 2,815 1,308 162 440 1,004 886 552 544 820 769 411 707 532 1,685 1,571 656 1,300 378 259 177 258 696 316 1,428 1,361 190 1,488 684 661 1,520 163 893 251 969 2,940 437 150 1,045 818 488 1,582 264 Percent 39 56 46 32 56 25 36 23 48 48 47 44 44 32 34 38 49 43 63 41 38 24 40 53 58 45 40 40 22 31 33 33 31 40 68 35 46 36 33 31 54 44 34 49 39 27 36 30 49 54 35 Number 71,132 1,161 496 1,277 1,011 6,270 1,819 1,170 285 4,240 1,987 262 754 2,566 2,042 1,205 816 1,475 738 801 1,491 1,919 3,227 2,093 731 2,248 755 490 686 710 1,713 787 3,852 2,641 148 3,489 1,110 1,484 3,947 436 1,115 432 2,362 4,225 877 468 2,312 2,331 743 2,039 643 Percent 81 68 72 83 71 85 81 88 72 72 72 72 75 82 78 83 74 77 60 80 80 87 77 70 64 78 79 75 87 85 82 83 84 77 53 82 75 81 85 83 67 75 84 70 77 86 81 85 75 70 84 Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



45



Table 40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers State where fishing or hunting took place Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total. . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,952 806 293 422 655 1,730 660 302 159 2,767 1,107 157 350 873 768 438 404 721 702 351 645 497 1,394 1,427 546 1,076 291 198 142 230 654 248 1,153 1,263 106 1,256 611 576 994 158 810 135 871 2,527 375 114 858 736 376 1,394 203 Residents Nonresidents Total hunters, residents and nonresidents Hunters Residents Nonresidents Percent 15 21 ... *21 *15 ... 51 ... ... *9 28 ... 35 *18 *13 *17 32 *17 ... *17 *17 *21 *4 *5 *22 11 *26 ... ... *15 ... *33 13 *9 *33 ... *11 ... 11 ... *23 48 *19 11 *14 *24 *14 ... *28 *7 51



Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 27,641 600 137 330 430 1,578 490 251 66 1,881 971 92 206 795 663 397 319 580 590 220 403 398 1,077 1,108 465 871 172 169 114 108 458 164 932 868 88 1,145 525 455 830 76 527 89 658 2,308 288 64 640 641 291 1,014 96



Percent Number 92 74 47 78 66 91 74 83 41 68 88 58 59 91 86 91 79 80 84 63 62 80 77 78 85 81 59 85 81 47 70 66 81 69 84 91 86 79 83 48 65 66 75 91 77 56 75 87 77 73 47 6,494 206 156 92 225 152 171 51 *94 885 136 *65 144 78 106 *40 85 141 112 131 242 99 318 319 80 206 119 *29 *27 122 197 *84 221 395 ... 112 86 122 164 82 283 45 214 218 87 50 218 95 86 381 107



Percent Number 22 26 53 22 34 9 26 17 *59 32 12 *42 41 9 14 *9 21 20 16 37 38 20 23 22 15 19 41 *15 *19 53 30 *34 19 31 ... 9 14 21 17 52 35 34 25 9 23 44 25 13 23 27 53 12,510 391 71 159 354 281 259 38 42 236 481 18 187 316 272 251 271 291 270 175 161 73 753 535 304 608 197 118 63 61 89 99 566 304 128 500 251 237 1,044 14 208 171 329 1,101 166 73 413 182 269 697 102



Percent Number 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 11,971 310 53 126 301 274 126 36 19 214 344 18 122 258 237 208 183 241 241 146 133 57 721 509 238 540 145 102 54 51 72 66 491 277 86 467 224 218 933 12 159 89 265 979 144 56 353 179 194 649 50



Percent Number 96 79 75 79 85 97 49 96 46 91 72 98 65 82 87 83 68 83 89 83 83 79 96 95 78 89 74 86 85 85 81 67 87 91 67 93 89 92 89 84 77 52 81 89 86 76 86 98 72 93 49 1,826 81 ... *33 *53 ... 134 ... ... *22 136 ... 65 *58 *35 *44 88 *50 ... *29 *28 *16 *32 *26 *66 69 *52 ... ... *9 ... *32 75 *27 *42 ... *27 ... 111 ... *49 81 *64 123 *23 *17 *60 ... *75 *48 52



* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D.



46



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix A



Appendix A. Definitions



Annual household income—Total 2006 income of household members before taxes and other deductions. Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting public land to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife. Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlifewatching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. Away-from-home wildlife watching— Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not included. Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted.



East South Central Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee Middle Atlantic New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Mountain Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Pacific Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington South Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia West North Central Kansas Iowa Minnesota



Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Day—Any part of a day spent participating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting. Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college. Expenditures—Money spent in 2006 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The “other items” were books and magazines, membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning, hunting and fishing licenses, and plantings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by participants for themselves and the value of gifts they received. Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing.



Census Divisions

East North Central Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin



48



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing: Rods, reels, poles, and rod-making components Lines and leaders Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits Tackle boxes Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices Ice fishing equipment Other fishing equipment Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams. Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon. Home—The starting point of a wildlife-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin. Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with firearms or archery equipment. Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting: Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns Archery equipment Telescopic sights Decoys and game calls Ammunition Hand-loading equipment



Hunting dogs and associated costs Other hunting equipment Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it. Maintain natural areas—To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. This is categorized as a wildlife-watching activity, not fishing or hunting. Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Examples of plantings are butterfly bushes and various sumacs. This is categorized as a wildlife-watching activity, not fishing or hunting. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)—Except in the New England States, an MSA is a county or group of contiguous counties containing at least one city of 50,000 or more inhabitants or twin cities (i.e., cities with contiguous boundaries and constituting, for general social and economic purposes, a single community) with a combined population of at least 50,000. Also included in an MSA are contiguous counties that are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In the New England States, an MSA consists of towns and cities instead of counties. Each MSA must include at least one central city. See U.S. Census Bureau publication State and Metropolitan Area Data Book; 2006 for more detailed information on MSAs. It can be found at . Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted. Multiple responses—The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one)



because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, total participants is the sum of male and female participants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories. Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California. Nonresponse—A term used to reflect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of information. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expenditure estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts. Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish, or other wildlife. Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classified as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classified as unprotected or predatory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classified as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game. Participants—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlifewatching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fished, or wildlife watched in 2006 to be considered a participant. Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.” Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure. Private land—Land that is owned by a private individual, group of individuals, or nongovernmental organization. Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds), State 49



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or federal governments (such as National Forests and Wildlife Refuges). Public parks or areas—See “Public land.” Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California and watches whales in California is a residential wildlife watcher in California. Rural—All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urbanized areas and urban clusters, as determined by the Census Bureau. Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers and streams. Screening interviews—The first Survey contact with a sample household. Screening interviews are conducted with a household representative to identify respondents who are eligible for in-depth interviews. Screening interviews gather data such as age and sex about individuals in the households. Further information on screening interviews is available on page vii in the “Survey Background and Method” section of this report. Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, and similar small animals for which States have small game seasons and bag limits. Special equipment—Big-ticket equipment items that are owned primarily for wildlife-related recreation: Bass boats Other types of motorboats Canoes and other types of nonmotorboats Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, and other boat accessories Pickups, campers, vans, travel or tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) Cabins Off-the-road vehicles such as trail bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 vehicles, and snowmobiles Other special equipment



Spenders—People who spent money on fishing, hunting, or wildlifewatching activities or equipment. Sportspersons—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or both. Trip—An outing involving fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching. A trip may begin from an individual’s principal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home of a relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days. Type of fishing—There are three types of fishing: (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Type of hunting—There are four types of hunting: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animal. Unspecified expenditure—An item that was purchased for use in both fishing and hunting, rather than primarily one or the other. Auxiliary equipment, special equipment, magazines and books, and membership dues and contributions are the items for which a purchase could be categorized as “unspecified.” Urban—All territory, population, and housing units located within boundaries that encompass densely settled territory, consisting of core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. Under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be included, as determined by the Census Bureau. Wildlife—Animals, such as birds, fish, insects, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include animals living in aquariums, zoos, and other artificial surroundings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets. Wildlife-associated recreation— Recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching.



Wildlife watching—There are six types of wildlife watching: (1) closely observing, (2) photographing, (3) feeding, (4) visiting public parks or areas, (5) maintaining plantings, and (6) maintaining natural areas. These activities must be the primary purpose of the trip or the around-the-home undertaking. Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed—Examples of species that wildlife watchers observe, photograph, and/or feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirds such as cardinals, robins, warblers, jays, buntings, and sparrows; birds of prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, and falcons; waterfowl such as ducks, geese, and swans; other water birds such as shorebirds, herons, pelicans, and cranes; and other birds such as pheasants, turkeys, road runners, and woodpeckers; (2) Land mammals— large land mammals such as bears, bison, deer, moose, and elk; and small land mammals such as squirrels, foxes, prairie dogs, and rabbits; (3) Fish such as salmon, sharks, and groupers; (4) Marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, and manatees; and (5) Other wildlife such as butterflies, turtles, spiders, and snakes. Wildlife-watching equipment—Items owned primarily for observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife: Binoculars and spotting scopes Cameras, video cameras, special lenses, and other photographic equipment Film and developing Commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food Other bulk food used to feed wild birds Food for other wildlife Nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, and baths Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing Other items such as field guides and maps



50



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix B



Appendix B. 2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews



The 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation was carried out in two phases. The first (or screening) phase began in April 2006. The main purpose of this phase was to collect information about all persons 16 years old and older in order to develop a sample of potential sportspersons and wildlife watchers for the second (or detailed) phase. Also, information was collected on the number of persons 6 to 15 years old who participated in wildlife-related recreation activities in 2005. It is important to emphasize that the information reported from the 2006 screen relates to activity only up to and including 2005. Also, these data are reported in most cases by one household respondent speaking for all household members rather than the actual participant. In addition, these data are based on long-term recall (at least a 12-month recall), which has been found in Survey research (Investigation of Possible Recall/Reference Period Bias in National Surveys of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation, December 1989, Westat, Inc.) to add bias to the



resulting estimates. In many cases, longer recall periods result in overestimating participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Tables B-1 through B-4 report data on 6-to-15-year-old participants in 2005. Detailed expenditure and recreational activity data were not gathered for the 6-to-15-year-old participants. Because of differences in methodologies of the screening and the detailed phases of the 2006 Survey, resulting estimates are not comparable. Only participants 16 years old and older were eligible for the detailed phase. The detailed phase was a series of three interviews conducted at four-month intervals. The screening interviews were one year or more recall. The shorter recall period of the detailed phase had better data accuracy.



52



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table B-1. Wisconsin Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Fishing and Hunting Both Inside and Outside Wisconsin: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons 6 to 15 years old Sportspersons Number Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Percent of sportspersons 100 98 81 *18 *19 ... *18



Percent of population 40 40 33 *7 *8 ... *7



290 284 233 *51 *56 ... *51



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Column showing percent of sportspersons is based on the ‘‘Total sportspersons’’ row. Column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not fish or hunt. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



53



Table B-2. Selected Characteristics of Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . Less than 250,000. . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000. . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . $20,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . $30,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . $75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 Percent 100 Number 290 Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Percent who participated 40 Anglers Percent who participated 40 Hunters Percent who participated *8



Percent 100



Number 284



Percent 100



Number *56



Percent *100



549 167



77 23



185 105



34 63



64 36



185 99



34 59



65 35



... *32



... *19



... *57



574 232 106 236 142 392 325 182 204 330 *62 655 620 *63 ... ... ... *57 *66 *66 178 146 139



80 32 15 33 20 55 45 25 28 46 *9 91 87 *9 ... ... ... *8 *9 *9 25 20 19



242 *79 *67 95 *48 191 *99 *89 *67 134 ... 290 268 ... ... ... ... ... ... *33 *50 *93 *43



42 *34 *63 40 *34 49 *31 *49 *33 41 ... 44 43 ... ... ... ... ... ... *50 *28 *63 *31



83 *27 *23 33 *17 66 *34 *31 *23 46 ... 100 92 ... ... ... ... ... ... *11 *17 *32 *15



239 *77 *67 95 *45 185 *99 *89 *67 129 ... 284 262 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *48 *93 *43



42 *33 *63 40 *32 47 *31 *49 *33 39 ... 43 42 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *27 *63 *31



84 *27 *24 34 *16 65 *35 *31 *23 45 ... 100 92 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *17 *33 *15



*45 ... ... *32 ... *35 ... ... ... *43 ... *56 *56 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...



*8 ... ... *14 ... *9 ... ... ... *13 ... *9 *9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...



*80 ... ... *57 ... *62 ... ... ... *77 ... *100 *100 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...



* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries.



54



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table B-3. Wisconsin Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Wildlife Watching Both Inside and Outside Wisconsin: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wild birds or other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Number 242 *61 239 215 ... 92 ...



Percent of participants 100 *25 99 89 ... 38 ...



Percent of population 34 *9 33 30 ... 13 ...



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who wildlife watched only in other countries.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



55



Table B-4. Selected Characteristics of Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . Less than 250,000. . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000. . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . $20,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . $30,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . $75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 Percent 100 Number 242 Total wildlife watchers Percent who participated 34 Away from home Percent who participated *9 Around the home Percent who participated 33



Percent 100



Number *61



Percent *100



Number 239



Percent 100



549 167



77 23



139 102



25 61



58 42



*29 *33



*5 *19



*47 *53



139 100



25 60



58 42



574 232 106 236 142 392 325 182 204 330 *62 655 620 *63 ... ... ... *57 *66 *66 178 146 139



80 32 15 33 20 55 45 25 28 46 *9 91 87 *9 ... ... ... *8 *9 *9 25 20 19



188 *50 *62 *77 *53 123 118 *89 *69 *83 ... 239 239 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *48 *80 *37



33 *21 *58 *33 *37 31 36 *49 *34 *25 ... 36 39 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *27 *55 *27



78 *21 *26 *32 *22 51 49 *37 *29 *35 ... 99 99 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *20 *33 *15



*50 ... ... ... ... *26 *35 ... ... *32 ... *61 *59 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *32 ...



*9 ... ... ... ... *7 *11 ... ... *10 ... *9 *9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *22 ...



*82 ... ... ... ... *43 *57 ... ... *53 ... *100 *96 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *52 ...



186 *50 *59 *77 *53 121 118 *86 *69 *83 ... 236 236 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *48 *80 *35



32 *21 *56 *33 *37 31 36 *47 *34 *25 ... 36 38 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *27 *55 *25



78 *21 *25 *32 *22 51 49 *36 *29 *35 ... 99 99 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *20 *34 *14



* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who wildlife watched, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of wildlife watchers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who wildlife watched only in other countries.



56



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix C



Appendix C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends

This appendix provides a description of data collection changes and national and regional trend information based on the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys. Since these four surveys used similar methodologies, their published information is directly comparable. 1996, 2001, and 2006, respondents who were interviewed in the first detailed interview wave were not contacted again until the third wave. Also, all interviews in the second wave were conducted by telephone. In-person interviews were only conducted in the first and third waves. Section I. Important Instrument Changes in the 1996 Survey 1. The 1991 Survey collected information on all wildlife-related recreation purchases made by participants without reference to where the purchase was made. The 1996 Survey asked in which state the purchase was made. 2. In 1991, respondents were asked what kind of fishing they did, i.e., Great Lakes, other freshwater, or saltwater, and then were asked in what states they fished. In 1996, respondents were asked in which states they fished and then were asked what kind of fishing they did. This method had the advantage of not asking about, for example, saltwater fishing when they only fished in a noncoastal state. 3. In 1991, respondents were asked how many days they “actually” hunted or fished for a particular type of game or fish and then how many days they “chiefly” hunted or fished for the same type of game or fish rather than another type of game or fish. To get total days of hunting or fishing for a particular type of game or fish, the “actually” day response was used, while to get the sum of all days of hunting or fishing, the “chiefly” days were summed. In 1996, respondents were asked their total days of hunting or fishing in the country and each state, then how many days they hunted or fished for a particular type of game or fish. 4. Trip-related and equipment expenditure categories were not the same for all Surveys. “Guide fee” and “Pack trip or package fee” were two separate trip-related expenditure items in 1991, while they were combined into one category in the 1996 Survey. “Boating costs” was added to the 1996 hunting and wildlife-watching trip-related expenditure sections. “Heating and cooking fuel” was added to all of the trip-related expenditure sections. “Spearfishing equipment” was moved from a separate category to the “other” list. “Rods” and “Reels” were two separate categories in 1991 but were combined in 1996. “Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.” was one category in 1991 but split into “Lines” and “Hooks, sinkers, etc.” in 1996. “Food used to feed other wildlife” was added to the wildlife-watching equipment section; “Boats” and “Cabins” were added to the wildlife-watching special equipment section; and “Land leasing and ownership” was added to the wildlife-watching expenditures section. 5. Questions asking sportspersons if they participated as much as they wanted were added in 1996. If the sportspersons said no, they were asked why not. 6. The 1991 Survey included questions about participation in organized fishing competitions; anglers using bows and arrows, nets or seines, or spearfishing; hunters using pistols or handguns and target shooting in preparation for hunting. These questions were not asked in 1996.



Significant Methodological Differences

The most significant design differences in the four surveys are as follows: 1. The 1991 Survey data were collected by interviewers filling out paper questionnaires. The data entries were keyed in a separate operation after the interview. The 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey data were collected by the use of computer-assisted interviews. The questionnaires were programmed into computers, and the interviewer keyed in the responses at the time of the interview. 2. The 1991 Survey screening phase was conducted in January and February 1991, when the sample households were contacted and a household respondent was interviewed on behalf of the entire household. The screening interviews for the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys were conducted April through June of their survey years in conjunction with the first wave of the detailed interviews. The screening interviews for all four surveys consisted primarily of demographic questions and wildlife-related recreation questions concerning activity in the previous year (1990, 1995, etc.) and intentions for recreating in the survey year. In the 1991 Survey, an attempt was made to contact every sample person in all three detailed interview waves. In



58



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



7. The 1996 Survey included questions about catch and release fishing and persons with disabilities participating in wildlife-related recreation. These questions were not part of the 1991 Survey. 8. The 1991 Survey included questions about average distance traveled to recreation sites. These questions were not included in the 1996 Survey. 9. The 1996 Survey included questions about the last trip the respondent took. Included were questions about the type of trip, where the activity took place, and the distance and direction to the site visited. These questions were not asked in 1991. 10. The 1991 Survey collected data on hunting, fishing, and wildlife watching by U.S. residents in Canada. The 1996 Survey collected data on fishing and wildlife watching by U.S. residents in Canada. Section II. Important Instrument Changes in the 2001 Survey 1. The 1991 and 1996 single-race category “Asian or Pacific Islander” was changed to two categories— “Asian” and “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.” In 1991 and 1996, the respondent was required to pick only one category, while in 2001 the respondent could pick any combination of categories. The next question stipulated that the respondent could only be identified with one category and then asked what that category was. 2. The 1991 and 1996 land leasing and ownership sections asked the respondent to combine the two types of land use into one and give total acreage and expenditures. In 2001, the two types of land use were explored separately. 3. The 1991 and 1996 wildlifewatching sections included questions on birdwatching for residential users only. The 2001 Survey added a question on birdwatching for nonresidential users. Also, questions on the use of birding life lists



and how many species the respondent can identify were added. 4. “Recreational vehicles” was added to the sportspersons and wildlifewatchers special equipment section. “House trailer” was added to the sportspersons special equipment section. 5. Total personal income was asked in the detailed phase of the 1996 Survey. This was changed to total household income in the 2001 Survey. 6. A question was added to the triprelated expenditures section to ascertain how much of the total was spent in the respondent’s state of residence when the respondent participated in hunting, fishing, or wildlife watching out of state. 7. Boating questions were added to the fishing section. The respondent was asked about the extent of boat usage for the three types of fishing. 8. The 1996 Survey included questions about the months residential wildlife watchers fed birds. These questions were not repeated in the 2001 Survey. 9. The contingent valuation sections of the three types of wildlife-related recreation were altered, using an open-ended question format instead of the dichotomous choice format used in 1996. Section III. Important Instrument Changes in the 2006 Survey 1. A series of boating questions was added. The new questions dealt with anglers using motorboats and/ or non-motorboats, length of boat used most often, distance to boat launch used most often, needed improvements to facilities at the launch, whether or not the respondent completed a boating safety course, who the boater fished with most often, and the source and type of information the boater used for his or her fishing. 2. Questions regarding catch and release fishing were added. Whether or not the respondent



caught and released fish and, if so, the percent of fish released. 3. The proportion of hunting done with a rifle or shotgun, as contrasted with muzzleloader or archery equipment, was asked. 4. In the contingent valuation section, where the value of wildlife-related recreation was determined, two quality-variable questions were added: the average length of certain fish caught and whether a deer, elk, or moose was killed. Plus, the economic evaluation bid questions were rephrased, from “What is the most your [species] hunting in [State name] could have cost you per trip last year before you would NOT have gone [species] hunting at all in 2001, not even one trip, because it would have been too expensive?,” for the hunters, for example, to “What is the cost that would have prevented you from taking even one such trip in 2006? In other words, if the trip cost was below this amount, you would have gone [species] hunting in [State name], but if the trip cost was above this amount, you would not have gone.” 5. Questions concerning hunting, fishing, or wildlife watching in other countries were taken out of the Survey. 6. Questions about the reasons for not going hunting or fishing, or not going as much as expected, were deleted. 7. Disability of participants questions were taken out. 8. Determination of the types of sites for wildlife watching was discontinued. 9. The birding questions regarding the use of birding life lists and the ability to identify birds based on their sight or sounds were deleted. 10. Public transportation costs were divided into two sections, “public transportation by airplane” and “other public transportation, including trains, buses, and car rentals, etc.”



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



59



National and Regional Trends

Fishing and Hunting Comparing national hunting and fishing estimates for 1991 to 2006 finds participation declining over the entire time period. In 1991 and 1996, the number of people who hunted and fished remained essentially unchanged. In 2001, the number of sportspersons fell compared to the two previous survey estimates. In 2006, the number of anglers continued to decline and the number of hunters was stable. The amount of time people spent fishing and hunting fluctuated between 1991 and 2006. The number of days spent fishing rose 22 percent between 1991 and 1996, fell 11 percent between 1996 and 2001, and fell 7 percent further between 2001 and 2006. Days of hunting followed a similar pattern. Between 1991 and 1996, hunting days



increased 9 percent (although this increase was not statistically significant) but then fell 11 percent between 1996 and 2001 and a further 4 percent (this was not statistically significant either) between 2001 and 2006. The amount of money spent for fishing and hunting trips and equipment rose from 1991 to 1996, fell from 1996 to 2001, and stayed level from 2001 to 2006. The comparisons are in constant dollars. Wildlife Watching There were differing trend lines from 1991 to 2006 for the two major types of wildlife watching. The number of overall wildlife watchers decreased 17 percent from 1991 to 1996, increased 5 percent from 1996 to 2001, and increased 8 percent from 2001 to 2006. Around-the-home wildlife watching,



the most popular type of wildlife watching, led this trend with an 18 percent drop from 1991 to 1996, a 4 percent increase from 1996 to 2001, and an 8 percent increase from 2001 to 2006. Away-from-home wildlife watching, on the other hand, dropped from 1991 to 2001 (21 percent from 1991 to 1996 and 8 percent from 1996 to 2001) and stayed level with a statistically insignificant 5 percent increase from 2001 to 2006. Days afield by away-from-home wildlife watchers were significantly up from 1996 to 2001 and statistically stable the other time periods. Overall expenditures for wildlife watching increased 21 percent from 1991 to 1996 and 16 percent from 1996 to 2001 and decreased a statistically insignificant 7 percent from 2001 to 2006.



60



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table C-1a. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991–1996

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 1996 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991) Participants, days, and expenditures Hunting Hunters, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting days, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing Anglers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing expenditures, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching days, away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.



1991 (Number)



1996 (Number)



1991–1996 percent change



14,063 235,806 $18,282,597 35,578 511,329 $35,553,365 76,111 73,904 29,999 342,406 $27,402,180



13,975 256,676 $26,224,069 35,246 625,893 $48,598,400 62,868 60,751 23,652 313,790 $33,093,660



–1* 9* 43 –1* 22 37 –17 –18 –21 –8* 21



Table C-1b. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1996–2001

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 1996 and 2001 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991) Participants, days, and expenditures Hunting Hunters, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting days, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing Anglers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing expenditures, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching days, away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.



1996 (Number)



2001 (Number)



1996–2001 percent change



13,975 256,676 $26,224,069 35,246 625,893 $48,598,400 62,868 60,751 23,652 313,790 $33,093,660



13,034 228,368 $23,296,904 34,071 557,394 $40,399,711 66,105 62,928 21,823 372,006 $38,453,190



–7 –11 –11* –3 –11 –17 5 4 –8 19 16



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



61



Table C-1c. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 2001–2006

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 2001 and 2006 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991) Participants, days, and expenditures Hunting Hunters, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting days, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing Anglers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing expenditures, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching days, away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.



2001 (Number)



2006 (Number)



2001–2006 percent change



13,034 228,368 $23,296,904 34,071 557,394 $40,399,711 66,105 62,928 21,823 372,006 $38,453,190



12,510 219,925 $22,644,048 29,952 516,781 $42,042,188 71,132 67,756 22,977 352,070 $35,870,403



–4* –4* –3* –12 –7 4* 8 8 5* –5* –7*



Table C-1d. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991–2006

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 2006 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991) Participants, days, and expenditures Hunting Hunters, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting days, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing Anglers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing expenditures, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching days, away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.



1991 (Number)



2006 (Number)



1991–2006 percent change



14,063 235,806 $18,282,597 35,578 511,329 $35,553,365 76,111 73,904 29,999 342,406 $27,402,180



12,510 219,925 $22,644,048 29,952 516,781 $42,042,188 71,132 67,756 22,977 352,070 $35,870,403



–11 –7* 24 –16 1* 18 –7 –8 –23 3* 31



62



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table C-2. Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1991 Area and sportsperson Number UNITED STATES Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,508 4,875 4,505 1,101 100 17 15 4 31,787 4,897 4,501 1,203 100 15 14 4 34,498 4,349 4,111 837 100 13 12 2 36,681 3,345 3,094 798 100 9 8 2 10,092 2,488 2,079 1,069 100 25 21 11 11,966 2,761 2,411 1,061 100 23 20 9 13,308 2,757 2,443 1,020 100 21 18 8 15,651 2,372 2,084 868 100 15 13 6 19,926 5,125 4,592 1,843 100 26 23 9 21,811 5,093 4,616 1,812 100 23 21 8 23,337 4,924 4,375 1,988 100 21 19 9 25,407 4,499 3,952 1,810 100 18 16 7 11,667 2,984 2,635 1,279 100 26 23 11 12,459 2,907 2,514 1,301 100 23 20 10 12,976 2,865 2,543 1,164 100 22 20 9 13,722 2,689 2,436 1,101 100 20 18 8 33,682 6,996 6,441 2,083 100 21 19 6 36,776 7,282 6,636 2,050 100 20 18 6 39,286 6,957 6,451 1,875 100 18 16 5 43,965 6,633 6,116 1,884 100 15 14 4 13,504 4,143 3,647 1,709 100 31 27 13 13,875 3,977 3,416 1,917 100 29 25 14 14,430 4,239 3,836 1,710 100 29 27 12 15,458 3,836 3,284 1,779 100 25 21 12 32,188 7,202 6,264 2,789 100 22 19 9 33,121 6,912 6,006 2,712 100 21 18 8 34,082 6,400 5,655 2,421 100 19 17 7 35,609 5,975 5,190 2,376 100 17 15 7 29,216 4,508 3,871 1,746 100 15 13 6 29,371 4,192 3,627 1,453 100 14 12 5 29,806 3,810 3,250 1,633 100 13 11 5 31,518 3,214 2,550 1,520 100 10 8 5 10,180 1,658 1,545 444 100 16 15 4 10,306 1,673 1,520 465 100 16 15 5 10,575 1,504 1,402 386 100 14 13 4 11,233 1,353 1,246 374 100 12 11 3 189,964 39,979 35,578 14,063 100 21 19 7 201,472 39,694 35,246 13,975 100 20 17 7 212,298 37,805 34,067 13,034 100 18 16 6 229,245 33,916 29,952 12,510 100 15 13 5 Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1996 2001 2006



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



63



Table C-3. Wildlife-Watching Participants by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006

(Numbers in thousands. Population 16 years old and older) 1991 Area and wildlife watcher Number UNITED STATES Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,508 10,139 5,035 9,641 100 34 17 33 31,787 8,966 3,648 8,558 100 28 11 27 34,498 9,377 3,793 8,504 100 27 11 25 36,681 9,439 3,856 8,664 100 26 11 24 10,092 4,437 2,215 4,145 100 44 22 41 11,966 4,099 1,967 3,855 100 34 16 32 13,308 4,619 2,019 4,282 100 35 15 32 15,651 4,968 2,004 4,605 100 32 13 29 19,926 7,035 2,459 6,817 100 35 12 34 21,811 5,933 2,096 5,773 100 27 10 26 23,337 5,747 1,822 5,490 100 25 8 24 25,407 6,764 2,127 6,319 100 27 8 25 11,667 4,864 1,592 4,765 100 42 14 41 12,459 3,904 1,118 3,795 100 31 9 30 12,976 4,514 1,086 4,390 100 35 8 34 13,722 4,931 1,758 4,683 100 36 13 34 33,682 13,047 4,450 12,813 100 39 13 38 36,776 11,252 3,992 10,964 100 31 11 30 39,286 11,395 3,469 10,911 100 29 9 28 43,965 12,862 3,208 12,432 100 29 7 28 13,504 6,924 2,654 6,722 100 51 20 50 13,875 5,089 1,927 4,900 100 37 14 35 14,430 6,206 2,059 5,938 100 43 14 41 15,458 6,741 2,163 6,447 100 44 14 42 32,188 14,511 5,572 14,175 100 45 17 44 33,121 11,731 4,501 11,297 100 35 14 34 34,082 11,631 3,571 11,196 100 34 10 33 35,609 12,215 3,792 11,845 100 34 11 33 29,216 10,556 4,166 10,282 100 36 14 35 29,371 8,185 2,960 8,023 100 28 10 27 29,806 8,740 2,849 8,452 100 29 10 28 31,518 8,723 2,729 8,451 100 28 9 27 10,180 4,598 1,856 4,544 100 45 18 45 10,306 3,710 1,443 3,586 100 36 14 35 10,575 3,875 1,155 3,765 100 37 11 36 11,233 4,489 1,340 4,310 100 40 12 38 189,964 76,111 29,999 73,904 100 40 16 39 201,472 62,868 23,652 60,751 100 31 12 30 212,298 66,105 21,823 62,928 100 31 10 30 229,245 71,132 22,977 67,756 100 31 10 30 Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1996 2001 2006



64



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix D



Appendix D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy



This appendix is presented in two parts. The first part is the U.S. Census Bureau Source and Accuracy Statement. This statement describes the sampling design for the 2006 Survey and highlights the steps taken to produce estimates from the completed questionnaires. The statement explains the use of standard errors and confidence intervals. It also provides comprehensive information about errors characteristic of surveys and formulas and parameters to calculate an approximate standard error or confidence interval for each number published in this report. The second part reports approximate standard errors for selected measures of participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Tables D-1 to D-3 show common estimates by state with their estimated standard errors. Tables D-4 to D-9 provide parameters for computing standard errors. Source and Accuracy Statement for the Wisconsin State Report of the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation



The 2006 Survey was designed to provide state-level estimates of the number of participants in recreational hunting and fishing and in wildlifewatching activities (e.g., wildlife observation). Information was collected on the number of participants, where and how often they participated, the type of wildlife encountered, and the amounts of money spent on wildlife-related recreation. The Survey was conducted in two stages: an initial screening of households to identify likely sportspersons and wildlife-watching participants and a series of follow-up interviews of selected persons to collect detailed data about their wildlife-related recreation during 2006.



Within the selected PSUs, the FHWAR sample was selected from the MAF where sufficient coverage of addresses existed. In some rural areas, the sample was selected from unused cases from the CPS to improve coverage. FHWAR Screening Sample The total screening sample in Wisconsin consisted of 973 households. Interviewing for the screen was conducted during April, May, and June 2006. Of all housing units in sample, about 862 were determined to be eligible for interview. Interviewers obtained interviews at 821 of these units for a state response rate of 95 percent. Local field representatives conducted interviews by telephone when possible, otherwise through a personal visit. The field representatives asked screening questions for all household members 6 years old and older. Noninterviews occur when the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for some other reason. Data for the FHWAR sportspersons sample and wildlife-watchers sample were collected in three waves. The first wave started in April 2006, the second in September 2006, and the third in January 2007. In the sportspersons sample, all persons who hunted or fished in 2006 by the time of the screening interview were interviewed in the first wave. The remaining sportspersons in sample were interviewed in the second wave. A subsampling operation was conducted before the third wave of sampling to reduce cost of the Survey, and everyone remaining in sample was interviewed in the third wave. The reference period was the preceding 4 months for waves 1 and 2. In wave 3, the reference period was either 4, 8, or 12 months depending on when the sample person was first interviewed.



SAMPLE DESIGN

The 2006 FHWAR sample was selected from the Census Bureau’s master address file (MAF) and unused sample of the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS sample was used to improve coverage in rural areas of some states. The FHWAR is a multistage probability sample, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. In the first stage of the sampling process, primary sampling units (PSUs) are selected for sample. The PSUs are defined to correspond to the Office of Management and Budget definitions of Core Based Statistical Area definitions and to improve efficiency in field operations. The United States is divided into 2,025 PSUs. These PSUs are grouped into 824 strata. Within each stratum, a single PSU is chosen for the sample, with its probability of selection proportional to its population as of the most recent decennial census. This PSU represents the entire stratum from which it was selected. In the case of strata consisting of only one PSU, the PSU is chosen with certainty.



SOURCE OF DATA

The estimates in this report are based on data collected in the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR) conducted by the Census Bureau and sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The eligible universe for the FHWAR is the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military population living in the United States. The institutionalized population, which is excluded from the population universe, is composed primarily of the population in correctional institutions and nursing homes (91 percent of the 4.1 million institutionalized people in Census 2000).



66



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Detailed Samples Two independent detailed samples were chosen from the FHWAR screening sample. One consisted of sportspersons (people who hunt or fish) and the other of wildlife watchers (people who observe, photograph, or feed wildlife). A. Sportspersons The Census Bureau selected the detailed samples based on information reported during the screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older in the FHWAR screening sample was assigned to a sportspersons stratum. The criteria for the strata included time devoted to hunting or fishing in previous years, participation in hunting or fishing in 2006 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in hunting and fishing activities during the remainder of 2006. The four sportspersons categories were: 1. Active—a person who had already participated in hunting or fishing in 2006 at the time of the screener interview. 2. Likely—a person who had not participated in 2006 at the time of the screener, but had participated in 2005 OR was likely to participate in 2006. 3. Inactive—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was somewhat unlikely to participate in 2006. 4. Nonparticipant—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was very unlikely to participate in 2006. Persons were selected for the detailed phase based on these groupings. Active sportspersons were given the detailed interview twice—at the time of the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2006) and again in January or February 2007. Likely sportspersons and a subsample of the inactive sportspersons were also interviewed twice— first in September or October 2006,



then in January or February 2007. If Census Bureau field representatives were not able to obtain the first interview, they attempted to interview the person in the final interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. Persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. About 512 persons were designated for interviews in Wisconsin. The detailed sportspersons sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 23 percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 396 detailed sportspersons interviews were completed at a response rate of 77 percent. B. Wildlife Watchers The wildlife-watching detailed sample was also selected based on information reported during the screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older was assigned to a stratum. The criteria for the strata included time devoted to wildlifewatching activities in previous years, participation in wildlifewatching activities in 2006 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in wildlife-watching activities during the remainder of 2006. The five wildlife-watching categories were: 1. Active—a person who had already participated in 2006 at the time of the screening interview. 2. Avid—a person who had not yet participated in 2006, but in 2005 had taken trips to participate in wildlife-watching activities for 21 or more days or had spent $300 or more. 3. Average—a person who had not yet participated in 2006, but in 2005 had taken trips to wildlife watch for less than 21 days and had spent less than $300 OR had not participated in wildlifewatching activities but was very



likely to in the remainder of 2006. 4. Infrequent—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006, but was somewhat likely or somewhat unlikely to participate in the remainder of 2006. 5. Nonparticipant—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was very unlikely to participate during the remainder of 2006. Persons were selected for the detailed sample based on these groupings, but persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. A subsample of each of the other groups was selected to receive a detailed interview with the chance of selection diminishing as the likelihood of participation diminished. Wildlife-watching participants were given the detailed interview twice. Some received their first detailed interview at the same time as the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2006). The rest received their first detailed interview in September or October 2006. All wildlife-watching participants received their second interview in January or February 2007. If Census Bureau field representatives were not able to obtain the first interview, they attempted to interview the person in the final interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. About 225 persons were designated for interviews in Wisconsin. The detailed wildlife-watching sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 21 percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 178 detailed wildlife-watcher interviews were completed at a response rate of 79 percent.



ESTIMATION PROCEDURE

Several stages of adjustments were used to derive the final 2006 FHWAR person weights. A brief description of the major components of the weights is given next.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



67



All statistics for the population 6 to 15 years of age were derived from the screening interview. Statistics for the population 16 years old and older come from both the screening and detailed interviews. Estimates that come from the screening sample are presented in Appendix B. A. Screening Sample Every interviewed person in the screening sample received a screening weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Base Weight. The base weight is the inverse of the household’s probability of selection. 2. Household Noninterview Adjustment. The noninterview adjustment inflates the weight assigned to interviewed households to account for households eligible for interview but for which no interview was obtained. 3. First-Stage Adjustment. The 824 areas designated for our samples were selected from 2,025 such areas of the United States. Some sample areas represent only themselves and are referred to as selfrepresenting. The remaining areas represent other areas similar in selected characteristics and are thus designated non-self-representing. The first-stage factor reduces the component of variation arising from sampling the non-selfrepresenting areas. 4. Second-Stage Adjustment. This adjustment brings the estimates of the total population into agreement with census-based estimates of the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military populations for each state. B. Sportspersons Sample Every interviewed person in the sportspersons detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person’s final weight from the screening sample. 68



2. Sportspersons Stratum Adjustment. This factor inflates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each sportsperson stratum. 3. Sportspersons Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed sportspersons to account for sportspersons selected for the detailed sample for whom no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Sportspersons Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within the sportspersons sampling stratum. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample. C. Wildlife-Watchers Sample Every interviewed person in the wildlife-watchers detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person’s final weight from the screening sample. 2. Wildlife-Watchers Stratum Adjustment. This factor inflates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each wildlifewatcher stratum. 3. Wildlife-Watchers Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed wildlife-watching participants to account for wildlife watchers selected for the detailed sample for which no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing.



4. Wildlife-Watchers Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within wildlife-watchers sampling strata. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample.



ACCURACY OF THE ESTIMATES

A sample survey estimate has two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. The accuracy of an estimate depends on both types of error. The nature of the sampling error is known given the survey design; the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown.



NONSAMPLING ERROR

For a given estimator, the difference between the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population and the true population value being estimated is known as nonsampling error. There are several sources of nonsampling error that may occur during the development or execution of the survey. It can occur because of circumstances created by the interviewer, the respondent, the survey instrument, or the way the data are collected and processed. For example, errors could occur because: • The interviewer records the wrong answer, the respondent provides incorrect information, the respondent estimates the requested information, or an unclear survey question is misunderstood by the respondent (measurement error). Some individuals who should have been included in the survey frame were missed (coverage error). Responses are not collected from all those in the sample or the respondent is unwilling to provide information (nonresponse error). Values are estimated imprecisely for missing data (imputation error). Forms may be lost, data may be incorrectly keyed, coded, or recoded, etc. (processing error).



•



•



• •



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



The Census Bureau employs quality control procedures throughout the production process, including the overall design of surveys, the wording of questions, the review of the work of interviewers and coders, and the statistical review of reports to minimize these errors. Two types of nonsampling error that can be examined to a limited extent are nonresponse and undercoverage. Nonresponse. The effect of nonresponse cannot be measured directly, but one indication of its potential effect is the nonresponse rate. For the FHWAR screener interview in Wisconsin, the household-level nonresponse rate was 5 percent. The person-level nonresponse rate for the detailed sportsperson interview in Wisconsin was an additional 23 percent and for the wildlife watchers it was 21 percent. Since the screener nonresponse rate is a household-level rate and the detailed interview nonresponse rate is a person-level rate, we cannot combine these rates to derive an overall nonresponse rate. Since it is unlikely the nonresponding households to the FHWAR have the same number of persons as the households successfully interviewed, combining these rates would result in an overestimate of the “true” person-level overall nonresponse rate for the detailed interviews. Coverage. Overall screener undercoverage is estimated to be about 13 percent. Ratio estimation to independent population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the bias due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics from those of interviewed persons in the same age group. Comparability of Data. Data obtained from the 2006 FHWAR and other sources are not entirely comparable. This results from differences in interviewer training and experience and in differing survey processes. This is an example of nonsampling variability not reflected in the standard errors. Therefore, caution should be used when comparing results from different sources. (See Appendix C.) A Nonsampling Error Warning. Since the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown, one should be particularly

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



careful when interpreting results based on small differences between estimates. The Census Bureau recommends that data users incorporate information about nonsampling errors into their analyses, as nonsampling error could impact the conclusions drawn from the results. Caution should also be used when interpreting results based on a relatively small number of cases. Summary measures (such as medians and percentage distributions) probably do not reveal useful information when computed on a subpopulation smaller than 50,000 for screener data, 65,000 for the detailed sportsperson data, and 230,000 for the wildlife-watchers data.



for distinguishing between population parameters using sample estimates. The most common type of hypothesis is that the population parameters are different. An example would be comparing the proportion of anglers to the proportion of hunters. Tests may be performed at various levels of significance. A significance level is the probability of concluding that the characteristics are different when, in fact, they are the same. For example, to conclude that two characteristics are different at the 0.1 level of significance, the absolute value of the estimated difference between characteristics must be greater than or equal to 1.645 times the standard error of the difference. This report uses 90-percent confidence intervals and 0.1 level of significance to determine statistical validity. Consult standard statistical textbooks for alternative criteria. Estimating Standard Errors. The Census Bureau uses replication methods to estimate the standard errors of FHWAR estimates. These methods primarily measure the magnitude of sampling error. However, they do measure some effects of nonsampling error as well. They do not measure systematic biases in the data associated with nonsampling error. Bias is the average over all possible samples of the differences between the sample estimates and the true value. Generalized Variance Parameters. While it is possible to compute and present an estimate of the standard error based on the survey data for each estimate in a report, there are a number of reasons why this is not done. A presentation of the individual standard errors would be of limited use, since one could not possibly predict all of the combinations of results that may be of interest to data users. Additionally, data users have access to FHWAR microdata files, and it is impossible to compute in advance the standard error for every estimate one might obtain from those data sets. Moreover, variance estimates are based on sample data and have variances of their own. Therefore, some methods of stabilizing these estimates of variance, for example, by generalizing or averaging over time, may be used to improve their reliability.



SAMPLING ERROR

Since the FHWAR estimates come from a sample, they may differ from figures from an enumeration of the entire population using the same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. For a given estimator, the difference between an estimate based on a sample and the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population is known as sampling error. Standard errors, as calculated by methods described in “Standard Errors and Their Use,” are primarily measures of the magnitude of sampling error. However, they may include some nonsampling error. Standard Errors and Their Use. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct a confidence interval. A confidence interval is a range that has a known probability of including the average result of all possible samples. For example, if all possible samples were surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and if an estimate and its standard error were calculated from each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. A particular confidence interval may or may not contain the average estimate derived from all possible samples. However, one can say with specified confidence that the interval includes the average estimate calculated from all possible samples. Standard errors may also be used to perform hypothesis testing, a procedure



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



69



Experience has shown that certain groups of estimates have similar relationships between their variances and expected values. Modeling or generalizing may provide more stable variance estimates by taking advantage of these similarities. The generalized variance function is a simple model that expresses the variance as a function of the expected value of the survey estimate. The parameters of the generalized variance function are estimated using direct replicate variances. These generalized variance parameters provide a relatively easy method to obtain approximate standard errors for numerous characteristics. Tables D-4 to D-9 provide the generalized variance parameters for FHWAR data. Methods for using the parameters to calculate standard errors of various estimates are given in the next sections. Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers. The approximate standard error, sx, of an estimated number shown in this report can be obtained using the following formulas. Formula (1) is used to calculate the standard errors of levels of sportspersons, anglers, and wildlife watchers.



sx



ax 2



bx



(1)



Here, x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Formula (2) is used for standard errors of aggregates, i.e., trips, days, and expenditures.



sx



ax 2



bx



cx 2 y



(2)



Here, x is again the size of the estimate; y is the base of the estimate; and a, b, and c are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Number Suppose there were an estimated 33,916,000 persons age 16 years old and older who either fished or hunted in the United States in 2006. Using formula (1) with the parameters a = –0.000027 and b = 6,125 from table D-5, the approximate standard error of the estimated number of 33,916,000 sportspersons age 16 years old and older is



sx



0.000027 33,916,000 2



6,125 33,916,000



420,330



The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated number of sportspersons 16 years old and older is from 33,225,000 to 34,607,000, i.e., 33,916,000 ± 1.645 x 420,330. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. Suppose there were an estimated 12,510,000 hunters aged 16 years old and older who engaged in 219,925,000 days of participation in 2006. Using formula (2) with the parameters a = –0.000235, b = –85,241, and c = 22,698 from table D-7, the approximate standard error on 219,925,000 estimated days on an estimated base of 12,510,000 hunters is



sx



0.000235 219,925,000



2



22,698 219,925,000 2 85,241 219,925,000 12,510,000



7,592,000



The 90-percent confidence interval on the estimate of 219,925,000 days is from 207,436,000 to 232,414,000, i.e., 219,925,000 ± 1.645 x 7,592,000. Again, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends on the size of the percentage and its base. Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or more. When the numerator and the denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the parameter in the tables indicated by the numerator. The approximate standard error, sx,p, can be obtained by use of the formula



sx , p



bp(100 x



p)



(3)



70



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Here, x is the total number of sportspersons, hunters, etc., which is the base of the percentage; p is the percentage (0 ≤ p ≤ 100); and b is the parameter in the tables associated with the characteristic in the numerator of the percentage. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Percentage Suppose there were an estimated 12,510,000 hunters aged 16 years old and older of whom 18.3 percent hunted migratory birds. From table D-5, the appropriate b parameter is 5,756. Using formula (3), the approximate standard error on the estimate of 18.3 percent is



sx , p



5,756 18.3 100 18.3 12,510,000



0.83



Consequently, the 90-percent confidence interval for the estimate percentage of migratory bird hunters 16 years old and older is from 16.9 percent to 19.7 percent, i.e., 18.3 ± 1.645 x 0.83. Standard Error of a Difference. The standard error of the difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to



sx



y



2 sx



2 sy



(4)



where sx and sy are the standard errors of the estimates x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages, ratios, etc. This will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between estimates of the same characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in the same area. However, if there is a high positive (negative) correlation between the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate (underestimate) the true standard error. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of a Difference Suppose there were an estimated 11,655,000 females in the age range of 18 to 24 of whom 726,000 or 6.2 percent were sportspersons. Similarly, suppose there were an estimated 11,638,000 males in the same age range of whom 1,929,000 or 16.6 percent were sportspersons. The apparent difference between the percentage of female and male sportspersons is 10.4 percent. Using formula (3) and the appropriate b parameter from table D-5, the approximate standard errors of 6.2 percent and 16.6 percent are 0.55 and 0.85, respectively. Using formula (4), the approximate standard error of the estimated difference of 10.4 percent is



sx



y



0.552



0.852



102 .



The 90-percent confidence interval on the difference between 18-to-24-year-old female and male sportspersons is from 8.7 to 12.1, i.e., 10.4 ± 1.645 x 1.02. Since the interval does not contain zero, we can conclude with 90-percent confidence that the percentage of 18-to-24-year-old female sportspersons is less than the percentage of 18-to-24-year-old male sportspersons. Standard Errors of Estimated Averages. Certain mean values for sportspersons, anglers, etc., shown in the report were calculated as the ratio of two numbers. For example, average days per angler is calculated as:



x y



total days total anglers



Standard errors for these averages may be approximated by the use of formula (5) below.



sx y



x y



sx x



2



sy y



2



2r



sx s y xy



(5)



In formula (5), r represents the correlation coefficient between the numerator and the denominator of the estimate. In the above formula, use 0.7 as an estimate of r.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



71



Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Average Suppose that the estimated number of the average days per angler aged 16 years old and older for all fishing was 17.3 days. Using formulas (1) and (2) above, we compute the standard error on total days, 516,781,000, and total anglers, 29,952,000, to be 15,828,079 and 399,342, respectively. The approximate standard error on the estimated average of 17.3 days is

2 2



sx y



516,781,000 29,952,000



158,280,079 516,781,000



399,342 29,952,000



2 0.7



15,828,079 399,342 516,781,000 29,952,000



0.40



Therefore, the 90-percent confidence interval on the estimated average of 17.3 days is from 16.6 to 18.0, i.e., 17.3 ± 1.645 x 0.40.



72



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-1. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Anglers, Days of Fishing by State Residents, and Expenditures for Fishing by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands) Participation State Estimate Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 138 370 463 1,689 554 291 76 1,950 1,060 94 223 1,034 739 449 369 622 598 225 475 452 1,098 1,143 479 931 179 192 156 124 530 190 1,029 964 106 1,293 547 483 990 83 548 95 708 2,344 313 71 731 690 306 1,025 98 Standard error 41 10 32 38 102 40 20 6 100 77 8 22 62 50 34 27 45 47 17 32 29 89 75 34 59 16 15 16 10 33 18 81 63 8 91 39 39 87 6 39 9 54 172 26 7 58 43 25 66 10 Estimate 13,164 1,965 4,378 10,078 19,649 6,737 6,239 1,521 43,026 18,449 1,345 4,126 21,351 10,583 7,017 5,643 9,874 11,075 3,854 6,571 9,309 23,239 23,025 7,515 16,227 2,455 3,208 1,958 2,488 9,237 2,451 16,157 16,106 1,150 17,583 10,363 8,104 20,592 1,480 11,174 1,456 13,966 40,101 3,841 1,506 9,932 9,111 6,967 17,771 1,360 Standard error 2,463 329 1,163 1,788 2,646 1,081 1,239 397 5,370 3,935 300 1,222 2,579 1,315 1,319 916 1,600 1,337 800 1,028 1,784 4,004 4,850 1,198 2,889 424 532 447 442 1,601 838 3,315 2,626 205 3,199 1,487 2,308 4,258 207 1,814 254 2,025 5,924 851 279 1,331 1,394 1,000 2,431 282 Estimate 791,187 221,328 293,510 364,528 2,707,995 1,093,571 442,724 138,601 3,618,499 1,050,608 82,728 234,363 1,315,192 696,389 398,654 299,896 963,254 807,063 147,473 661,078 954,647 1,662,875 2,467,491 280,529 1,032,407 140,895 217,437 304,133 141,041 1,167,944 254,023 844,153 1,039,286 96,908 1,118,439 486,013 507,625 1,625,022 125,121 1,101,128 137,159 576,667 3,883,589 408,986 59,132 669,565 967,520 335,880 1,193,390 450,339 Standard error 136,335 43,350 62,037 71,945 428,592 147,080 95,897 28,408 514,463 183,960 22,551 52,127 197,171 128,034 78,100 63,027 239,107 153,792 26,410 99,475 229,603 364,329 483,774 55,307 160,090 27,916 36,020 73,096 27,264 196,789 76,563 194,665 198,626 19,580 226,342 88,047 101,717 272,116 25,668 340,271 28,262 110,670 796,872 84,433 12,200 140,722 180,668 104,458 201,965 133,641 Days Expenditures in dollars



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



73



Table D-2. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Hunters, Days of Hunting by State Residents, and Expenditures for Hunting by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands) Participation State Estimate Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 55 129 307 317 132 40 21 325 356 19 123 272 254 210 192 261 275 146 151 66 721 536 244 560 145 105 60 52 84 72 502 304 86 477 232 219 933 13 166 90 284 996 154 57 360 187 200 652 52 Standard error 30 7 15 31 43 18 7 3 40 42 4 15 32 30 26 23 29 33 14 17 11 79 53 24 49 14 13 10 6 12 11 52 34 8 53 28 24 92 2 23 8 34 108 18 6 47 25 21 53 6 Estimate 8,032 859 1,535 7,630 4,192 1,421 693 512 5,723 7,180 421 1,187 4,609 4,617 3,734 2,717 5,108 7,155 2,042 2,213 1,629 11,756 6,947 6,227 9,685 1,817 1,647 687 1,037 1,621 734 9,734 5,428 1,125 10,728 5,556 2,768 17,401 184 4,025 1,208 6,318 13,896 1,884 1,068 6,649 2,385 3,602 9,998 604 Standard error 1,831 205 405 1,629 1,041 303 181 148 1,200 1,643 214 256 938 930 869 723 637 1,443 319 399 562 2,256 1,571 820 1,876 315 349 249 206 342 240 1,927 1,059 207 2,771 1,209 718 2,585 45 1,294 233 1,224 1,937 530 157 1,156 563 578 1,316 149 Estimate 596,485 111,535 360,537 765,599 960,932 219,545 96,638 33,836 870,391 502,017 24,992 142,708 416,950 243,058 260,147 231,228 507,473 618,264 211,434 230,214 238,670 846,455 752,098 446,639 1,027,698 219,465 176,456 149,750 77,932 160,737 109,297 835,147 688,691 92,576 863,874 463,726 336,278 1,581,058 13,766 253,796 87,120 481,767 2,048,671 332,629 69,059 493,125 389,792 325,688 1,329,161 89,832 Standard error 114,760 25,306 108,628 146,698 230,698 57,088 38,704 7,761 205,731 135,282 9,869 33,385 80,383 60,232 60,083 58,822 116,274 142,285 40,017 44,830 98,246 202,158 171,270 89,602 167,223 46,679 33,615 51,854 19,911 44,444 35,712 258,055 160,961 18,993 214,994 95,364 69,062 276,321 4,278 115,579 15,955 114,181 462,353 76,446 15,885 110,305 117,244 116,172 272,105 29,427 Days Expenditures in dollars



74



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-3. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Away-From-Home Participants, Days of Away-From-Home Participants by State Residents, and Trip-Related Expenditures for Away-From-Home Activities by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands) Participation State Estimate Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 68 381 304 2,565 531 290 49 988 371 55 183 756 611 344 234 540 234 213 305 531 827 579 145 709 184 151 168 127 513 220 1,178 402 30 1,174 414 481 1,038 96 332 116 725 1,176 255 82 603 686 129 424 82 Standard error 50 13 42 46 200 67 33 8 119 71 10 32 92 72 51 31 68 42 30 43 50 127 92 35 86 23 18 26 16 54 24 147 59 8 125 60 66 127 10 46 17 82 206 36 11 81 56 31 73 13 Estimate 7,301 1,492 4,554 4,253 46,538 7,548 4,987 811 13,180 4,934 485 2,876 7,366 7,894 4,233 3,427 3,978 3,536 3,938 4,841 8,959 10,455 9,010 1,391 14,619 1,777 1,201 1,912 2,246 8,408 3,803 13,927 3,544 278 9,232 7,930 7,455 13,013 1,207 2,222 709 14,819 31,689 3,063 1,803 6,888 8,918 3,205 4,367 894 Standard error 3,047 520 886 1,372 8,681 1,984 1,043 276 3,390 1,761 124 805 1,477 1,650 867 1,156 835 1,038 1,066 1,310 1,720 3,288 2,413 421 3,543 498 176 479 561 2,189 844 2,835 1,035 120 1,427 3,634 3,205 2,727 293 471 143 4,776 12,769 817 504 1,850 1,333 1,345 1,129 223 Estimate 198,132 65,576 301,997 70,098 2,226,634 303,943 240,708 12,490 455,521 289,920 30,005 87,351 431,477 234,756 104,542 91,838 163,835 118,317 105,340 103,265 249,979 522,877 458,934 77,767 365,259 57,461 55,793 108,053 61,263 195,252 81,860 887,039 324,968 8,290 365,635 291,664 177,364 587,806 44,400 167,464 46,769 242,507 922,669 116,401 25,689 154,992 314,680 83,475 188,626 54,472 Standard error 61,485 27,602 75,465 25,680 504,935 83,737 61,745 3,833 105,349 122,816 10,851 28,403 115,300 61,310 33,072 28,745 45,402 49,801 28,268 25,729 56,447 153,343 162,740 27,913 103,690 20,990 15,941 42,601 14,140 44,467 20,074 240,941 105,504 3,921 95,003 81,739 51,932 168,911 11,412 44,431 14,583 73,041 360,407 32,391 6,661 39,913 69,667 37,348 54,452 19,022 Days Expenditures in dollars



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



75



Table D-4. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Sportspersons, Anglers, Hunters, and Wildlife-Watching Participants

(These parameters are to be used only to calculate estimates of standard errors for characteristics developed from the screening sample) 6 years old and older State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000015 –0.000523 –0.001157 –0.000399 –0.001116 –0.000126 –0.000573 –0.000313 –0.000510 –0.000266 –0.000568 –0.000437 –0.001346 –0.000296 –0.000488 –0.000762 –0.000537 –0.000772 –0.000775 –0.000924 –0.000357 –0.000261 –0.000685 –0.001009 –0.000757 –0.000670 –0.001418 –0.000567 –0.000515 –0.000535 –0.000209 –0.000620 –0.000320 –0.000416 –0.001096 –0.000484 –0.000744 –0.000752 –0.000544 –0.000315 –0.000560 –0.001061 –0.000565 –0.000466 –0.000700 –0.001053 –0.000450 –0.000349 –0.001092 –0.000820 –0.001268 b 4,173 2,173 697 2,178 2,820 4,134 2,435 1,005 396 4,389 4,653 517 1,759 3,416 2,782 2,062 1,329 2,935 3,143 1,135 1,821 1,521 6,318 4,733 1,982 3,534 1,227 902 1,159 650 1,655 1,097 5,582 3,286 637 5,045 2,389 2,533 6,176 308 2,174 745 3,084 9,557 1,541 611 3,102 2,031 1,823 4,156 592 a –0.000365 –0.014402 –0.024644 –0.008468 –0.026111 –0.003139 –0.019382 –0.008787 –0.014882 –0.006122 –0.012587 –0.009528 –0.042091 –0.007029 –0.012165 –0.020347 –0.016690 –0.018308 –0.017795 –0.030300 –0.008162 –0.007130 –0.018937 –0.029835 –0.016992 –0.018329 –0.033110 –0.014086 –0.011577 –0.015945 –0.005070 –0.016872 –0.009275 –0.011916 –0.036240 –0.011219 –0.020948 –0.024824 –0.014615 –0.008710 –0.016004 –0.025331 –0.015267 –0.011141 –0.018090 –0.032724 –0.014313 –0.010251 –0.042234 –0.021060 –0.028116 b 14,798 8,642 2,566 7,441 9,698 16,914 12,522 4,151 1,597 13,852 16,121 1,602 8,654 12,542 10,911 7,491 6,138 9,902 11,036 4,683 6,298 5,692 26,784 20,037 6,865 13,847 3,719 3,277 4,097 2,744 6,099 4,557 22,967 14,068 2,677 17,172 9,767 11,839 22,903 1,182 9,034 2,568 11,667 38,300 7,116 2,420 14,311 8,539 8,929 15,086 1,742 6- to 15-year-olds only



76



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-5. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample

Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000027 –0.000936 –0.002197 –0.000641 –0.001833 –0.000239 –0.000960 –0.000545 –0.000758 –0.000415 –0.000965 –0.000763 –0.002486 –0.000430 –0.000821 –0.001383 –0.001097 –0.001222 –0.001300 –0.001560 –0.000552 –0.000412 –0.001085 –0.001694 –0.001355 –0.001031 –0.002523 –0.001066 –0.000898 –0.000801 –0.000327 –0.001323 –0.000456 –0.000713 –0.001558 –0.000851 –0.001278 –0.001291 –0.000867 –0.000487 –0.000983 –0.001728 –0.001019 –0.000859 –0.001453 –0.001514 –0.000885 –0.000626 –0.001844 –0.001281 –0.003226 b 6,125 3,324 1,096 2,941 3,951 6,523 3,459 1,490 507 5,911 6,668 774 2,738 4,201 3,939 3,234 2,315 3,983 4,464 1,675 2,392 2,072 8,470 6,812 3,000 4,662 1,899 1,449 1,703 836 2,200 1,984 6,842 4,794 791 7,569 3,504 3,730 8,490 410 3,259 1,038 4,790 14,660 2,627 766 5,215 3,116 2,688 5,572 1,306 a –0.000025 –0.000921 –0.002013 –0.000403 –0.001705 –0.000213 –0.000735 –0.000514 –0.000720 –0.000347 –0.000752 –0.000751 –0.001888 –0.000388 –0.000777 –0.001535 –0.001433 –0.001048 –0.001271 –0.001469 –0.000456 –0.000383 –0.001214 –0.001504 –0.001169 –0.001067 –0.002383 –0.001236 –0.000823 –0.000774 –0.000251 –0.001264 –0.000378 –0.000588 –0.001754 –0.000697 –0.001303 –0.001024 –0.001030 –0.000425 –0.000981 –0.001532 –0.000929 –0.000725 –0.001268 –0.001403 –0.001105 –0.000676 –0.001712 –0.001144 –0.002251 b 5,756 3,268 1,004 1,849 3,674 5,801 2,650 1,407 482 4,943 5,199 761 2,080 3,789 3,729 3,589 3,024 3,415 4,365 1,578 1,975 1,929 9,474 6,049 2,588 4,825 1,793 1,680 1,561 808 1,690 1,895 5,671 3,951 890 6,194 3,574 2,957 10,089 358 3,251 920 4,367 12,388 2,292 710 6,510 3,368 2,496 4,978 911 Hunters 16 years old and older



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



77



Table D-6. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample

Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000118 0.019700 0.030420 0.036222 0.024408 0.018462 0.008867 0.036498 0.031385 0.014951 0.022339 0.065152 0.034640 0.017187 0.027022 0.033205 0.034206 0.051496 0.023308 0.022050 0.015599 0.049013 0.035078 0.028185 0.026713 0.011821 0.024760 0.018618 0.048609 0.025253 0.019672 0.084483 0.039569 0.029775 0.033611 0.031480 0.023920 0.029208 0.011981 0.033545 0.082716 0.030933 0.027200 0.032817 0.033896 0.022379 0.035897 0.026464 0.086611 0.017762 0.075474 b –150,479 –12,417 –2,004 –2,002 –27,794 –35,800 676 –11,421 –1,643 –23,048 –47,820 –5,771 9,981 6,704 –16,160 22,341 –23,245 –17,125 –66,118 –7,457 –14,663 –25,362 –148,672 –92,976 –53,218 –40,950 –9,845 1,031 –9,688 –6,176 –39,093 2,232 –84,193 –35,783 –586 –41,813 –27,206 –11,360 –92,207 –2,922 –96,641 682 67,423 –69,604 –13,369 –4,177 –28,532 –45,106 –39,384 –81,329 –5,404 c 22,234 5,855 1,057 2,994 6,433 10,686 5,062 2,841 734 9,553 8,031 830 3,224 5,219 4,558 2,171 3,454 5,942 7,237 2,175 3,208 3,792 13,535 11,279 5,433 10,804 2,520 1,640 1,387 1,434 4,262 1,181 13,133 6,154 751 11,082 4,719 5,033 15,295 634 6,922 1,071 6,450 20,795 2,671 1,337 5,705 5,612 2,945 10,849 1,197 a 0.000918 0.016799 0.031018 0.069395 0.010107 0.027550 0.034102 0.096937 0.018489 0.021932 0.051440 0.123487 0.023728 0.024778 0.042674 0.045665 0.042600 0.025277 0.027891 0.021630 0.018873 0.138120 0.039658 0.027553 0.014058 –0.005607 0.020119 0.022265 0.102222 0.037780 0.029909 0.096226 0.069695 0.035333 0.032562 0.040646 0.020041 0.019440 0.014951 0.053976 0.191600 0.018421 0.029272 0.027826 0.024396 0.026395 0.032298 0.081551 0.103915 0.029543 0.090886 b –401,912 –96,800 –14,867 –74,101 –101,205 –58,262 –27,935 –60,991 –3,855 –407,268 –143,590 –5,097 –69,369 74,958 –61,618 –41,343 –116,049 –89,098 135,631 –12,360 –30,982 –47,649 –147,585 –263,285 –97,282 –190,726 –99,543 –22,187 –32,513 –26,900 –90,209 20,132 –128,553 –15,128 6,176 –140,259 –31,920 –76,401 –17,951 –12,463 –23,834 –25,518 –98,688 –146,956 –195,230 –21,534 –68,680 81,860 –184,675 –54,069 12,235 c 17,005 6,317 1,091 2,742 7,942 9,255 4,373 2,564 719 10,425 7,061 588 3,841 3,321 4,557 1,583 4,343 6,822 6,412 2,038 2,820 2,049 12,587 12,919 6,390 17,070 3,580 1,472 1,074 1,448 3,910 683 12,761 5,717 804 8,710 5,066 4,937 14,434 565 2,573 1,356 7,535 22,831 4,439 1,476 6,293 1,611 4,610 8,015 847 Hunters 16 years old and older



78



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-7. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Days or Trips for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample

Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000211 0.027360 0.016117 0.065842 0.013952 0.010707 0.019267 0.034363 0.061308 0.010264 0.040208 0.034563 0.069064 0.005932 0.006553 0.026962 0.015744 0.015099 0.004012 0.030520 0.017639 0.027491 0.011920 0.035500 0.015625 0.019454 0.018290 0.009103 0.043203 0.019444 0.026108 0.112638 0.029022 0.021276 0.019007 0.022273 0.006405 0.073495 0.027085 0.011732 0.014487 0.012863 0.005611 0.014288 0.041500 0.016042 0.008112 0.017168 0.006512 0.009197 0.025766 b –23,610 –4,011 –432 –511 –12,325 –16,022 4,638 –781 –234 –17,862 –10,805 –1,603 –15,482 –8,487 –5,775 –7,704 –2,510 –6,026 –4,767 –7,661 –6,240 –3,619 –23,905 –7,447 –10,362 –11,342 –1,849 –2,063 –1,733 –2,643 1,903 –431 –22,367 –6,354 –3,002 –21,768 –10,237 –1,650 –24,417 –506 –6,537 –1,152 –9,561 –13,795 –1,853 –1,485 –5,920 –6,558 –2,872 –14,330 –1,835 c 23,157 4,995 1,681 1,775 8,675 13,917 3,198 1,504 527 11,170 6,234 1,552 4,996 9,365 6,973 4,252 4,078 7,313 6,568 3,270 3,697 4,355 20,643 10,504 5,357 12,042 2,202 3,655 1,536 1,627 1,969 817 14,881 5,499 1,621 15,604 8,296 3,786 16,685 680 6,823 1,751 11,404 18,462 2,544 1,360 7,627 4,800 4,433 10,587 1,823 a –0.000235 0.035544 0.027498 0.053516 0.024038 0.028439 0.017940 0.024306 0.058226 0.022310 0.044845 0.212584 0.024568 0.001562 0.018011 0.037766 0.046706 –0.014871 0.022152 0.003096 0.011515 0.044116 0.025076 0.027723 –0.000218 0.010034 0.013948 –0.005553 0.123560 0.013722 0.013215 0.096905 0.008095 0.012831 0.008541 0.044683 0.013165 0.042692 –0.014656 0.021282 0.086503 0.019075 –0.011681 –0.003611 0.071790 –0.006963 0.011922 0.045009 0.001964 –0.002285 0.034258 b –85,241 –6,621 8 –8,367 –5,931 –23,877 128 –1,047 –184 21,695 16,702 –1,169 –5,756 –38,372 –6,028 –10,398 –21,946 –7,130 –3,240 –10,278 –6,512 –8,700 23,642 –23,061 –2,695 –70,146 –3,887 –28,329 535 400 –1,967 807 –27,096 –28,563 –5,760 –9,949 –12,426 –10,309 –134,270 –344 1,677 –2,901 –60,797 –31,876 3,964 –2,952 165 3,663 –2,897 –35,565 –3,738 c 22,698 5,383 1,622 2,773 6,861 12,350 3,608 1,829 529 5,794 1,853 945 3,301 13,100 6,053 4,032 6,195 8,307 5,213 3,842 3,608 5,301 7,030 14,333 4,394 19,451 2,640 7,091 425 1,313 2,735 610 17,017 9,265 2,617 10,955 8,445 6,182 41,466 525 2,737 1,859 16,711 25,228 792 1,792 6,590 1,723 4,911 15,098 1,705 Hunters 16 years old and older



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



79



Table D-8. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels of WildlifeWatching Participants for the Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample

Away-from-home participants State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1



Wildlife-watching participants1 b a –0.000058 –0.002252 –0.005744 –0.001128 –0.003787 –0.000632 –0.002773 –0.001578 –0.002061 –0.001082 –0.002082 –0.002077 –0.006027 –0.001237 –0.002026 –0.003725 –0.002245 –0.003130 –0.002325 –0.005003 –0.001512 –0.001045 –0.002805 –0.004257 –0.004149 –0.002731 –0.005006 –0.001770 –0.002387 –0.002070 –0.000899 –0.002023 –0.001320 –0.001368 –0.004900 –0.001729 –0.003724 –0.003771 –0.001779 –0.001451 –0.002147 –0.005273 –0.002340 –0.002276 –0.003322 –0.003687 –0.002049 –0.001076 –0.005457 –0.003232 –0.006562 b 13,319 7,994 2,864 5,170 8,163 17,247 9,995 4,317 1,378 15,396 14,383 2,106 6,640 12,083 9,722 8,712 4,737 10,201 7,980 5,372 6,552 5,260 21,892 17,116 9,184 12,349 3,768 2,406 4,524 2,160 6,057 3,034 19,791 9,194 2,486 15,365 10,214 10,895 17,426 1,222 7,118 3,168 10,996 38,865 6,007 1,866 12,078 5,361 7,954 14,058 2,657



–0.000064 –0.002522 –0.005091 –0.001212 –0.003685 –0.000633 –0.002818 –0.001942 –0.002431 –0.001067 –0.002273 –0.002169 –0.005872 –0.001350 –0.002090 –0.003442 –0.002087 –0.003921 –0.002878 –0.005383 –0.001401 –0.001153 –0.003188 –0.004869 –0.004033 –0.003241 –0.006536 –0.001913 –0.003763 –0.002265 –0.000942 –0.002139 –0.001498 –0.001307 –0.004745 –0.001834 –0.004720 –0.004482 –0.001862 –0.001588 –0.002527 –0.005879 –0.002040 –0.002981 –0.002948 –0.003834 –0.002142 –0.001012 –0.005125 –0.002461 –0.006998



14,628 8,955 2,539 5,555 7,943 17,272 10,157 5,313 1,625 15,191 15,705 2,200 6,469 13,189 10,031 8,051 4,403 12,780 9,878 5,779 6,072 5,803 24,879 19,579 8,929 14,653 4,919 2,600 7,131 2,364 6,346 3,207 22,454 8,785 2,408 16,302 12,946 12,948 18,235 1,338 8,378 3,532 9,583 50,906 5,329 1,940 12,625 5,037 7,470 10,707 2,833



Use these parameters for total wildlife-watching participants and around-the-home participants.



80



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-9. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures and Days or Trips for Wildlife-Watching Participants

Expenditures State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000184 0.045588 0.120206 0.030207 0.099812 0.033850 0.027999 0.021634 0.065106 0.023886 0.074762 0.083826 0.062974 0.036256 0.036663 0.079272 0.065343 0.054215 0.122208 0.023874 0.014472 0.028723 0.034044 0.074185 0.069734 0.050350 0.096467 0.057553 0.114708 0.014724 0.022949 0.036652 0.042036 0.061423 0.155007 0.035458 0.036357 0.062814 0.054585 0.037242 0.017341 0.058011 0.058962 0.107126 0.056246 0.005556 0.043764 0.030615 0.118586 0.009997 0.083907 b –1,140,662 –11,994 –27,366 –53,304 14,720 –512,106 –274,128 –65,691 –1,447 346,119 –1,010,585 –21,578 –42,113 –247,805 –31,127 54,459 2,002 7,733 –20,968 –51,089 –4,594 –178,823 –350,268 –156,337 –5,671 –370,879 –101,441 –29,126 –32,736 –17,918 –169,333 16,768 –450,788 –16,794 –2,199 –205,570 –21,977 –65,011 –176,791 –31 –52,304 –16,346 –19,581 268,978 –5,750 –22,018 –51,970 –16,210 –4,653 –400,732 –31,350 c 67,137 16,603 3,041 10,729 8,751 41,075 22,499 10,399 1,138 21,198 34,617 2,574 7,740 22,614 16,250 5,841 6,423 10,118 9,262 9,384 10,674 9,836 38,895 26,053 8,343 19,939 7,127 3,150 5,704 4,039 13,969 4,306 32,575 13,694 1,794 28,049 15,171 9,965 24,331 2,537 14,141 3,878 19,197 41,639 4,842 4,065 12,817 11,199 8,819 26,411 3,012 a 0.000574 0.188740 –0.124071 –0.012992 –0.017705 –0.045068 –0.048837 –0.024457 –0.008505 0.008852 –0.043108 –0.072050 –0.034736 –0.015710 –0.011371 –0.010582 –0.009647 –0.027046 –0.027645 –0.124695 0.003905 –0.028071 –0.189982 –0.037135 0.007734 –0.072363 0.021739 –0.037603 0.007035 –0.004938 –0.040442 –0.023441 –0.019285 –0.012815 0.150664 –0.018753 –0.000564 –0.004734 –0.024636 –0.019391 –0.021836 –0.063876 –0.067979 –0.115263 –0.002938 –0.014449 –0.046070 –0.000250 –0.073404 –0.015178 –0.062286 b 1,457,630 –119,343 –135,739 48,146 122,002 409,984 –38,813 –95,765 9,777 367,813 –269,579 –22,450 –28,632 –127,759 –60,979 –64,612 290,376 –203,563 11,297 –361,658 125,364 –151,233 –1,478,372 –287,075 –4,828 –297,324 75,970 –53,492 8,360 74,043 238,149 72,449 –366,511 19,657 6,024 –103,758 1,344,926 831,881 –296,844 234 –45,588 –12,873 539,487 –2,660,430 –77,345 33,588 –227,508 36,174 38,459 –125,383 –29,913 c –8,497 614 22,893 15,350 28,315 182,262 65,367 25,345 5,498 29,038 83,544 10,110 22,517 55,397 38,357 23,312 9,046 66,052 25,905 61,734 13,230 43,446 355,858 81,476 12,669 107,372 2,590 15,634 8,647 4,376 40,992 11,803 102,534 37,216 376 63,267 16,961 37,513 94,825 7,490 28,960 14,245 98,190 425,213 25,347 6,073 91,189 12,719 30,640 46,927 12,976 Days or trips



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



81



Notes



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Wisconsin



83



U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov May 2008



Wisconsin